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Define: Anatomy
The science of body structure (the study of form)
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Name the differences humans have compared to others (6)
- Brain size
- Bipedal posture/locomotion
- Opposable thumbs
- Stereoscopic vision
- Vocal organ
- Crooked teeth
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Sagital Plane (Planum Sagittalis)
Seporates the body into Right and Left
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Frontal (Coronal) Plane [plantum frontalis/coronalis]
Seporates the body into front and back
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Transverse Plane [planum transersus]
Seporates the body into upper and lower sections
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Medial [medialis] (along with Lateral)
toward or relatively closer to the medial plane
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Lateral [lateralis] (along with Medial)
away from or relatively farther from the median plane
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Anterior [anterior] (along with Posterior)
toward or relatively closer to the front side of the body
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Posterior [posterior] (along with Anterior)
toward or relatively closer to the backside of the body
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Superior [superior] (along with Inferior)
toward or relatively closer to the top of the head
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Inferior [inferior] (along with Superior)
away from or releatively further from the top of the head
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Proximal [proximalis] (along with Distal)
relatively closer to the reference point
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Distal [distalis] (along with Proximal)
away from or relatively further from a reference point
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Superficial/external [superficialis, externus] (along with deap/internal)
near or closer to the outer aspect (surface) of the body or part
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Deep/internal [profundus, internus] (along with superficial/external)
near or relatively closer to the central aspect of the body or part
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Dorsal [dorsalis] (along with ventral)
toward or relatively closer to the back
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Ventral [ventralis] (along with dorsal)
toward or relatively closer to the "belly"
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Palmar [palmaris] (along with Plantar)
closer to the anterior aspect of the hand (the side of the palm)
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Plantar [plantaris] (along with palmar)
closer to the sole (underside) of the foot (inferior side)
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Middle [medius]
the very center of something-between superior/inferior, anterior/posterior, proximal/distal and superficial/deep.
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Intermediate [intermedius]
a "side-to-side" position between medial and lateral structures
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Radial/ulnar [radialis/ulnaris]
radial is toward the thumb side on the superior limb, and ulnar is toward the little finger of the superior limb
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Tibial/fibular [tibialis/fubularis]
tibial is towards the middle of the leg, and fibular is towards the lateral side of the leg (aka the inferior limb)
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Longitudinal [longitudinalis] (along with Transverse)
Parallel to the long axis of an elongated structure
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Transverse [transversus] (along with longituninal)
perpendicular to the long axis on an elongated structure (side to side)
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Ipsilateral [ipsilateralis] (along with contralateral)
indicates a stucture or position on the same side of the body
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Contralateral [contralateralis] (along with ipsilateral)
the opposite side of the body
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Right [dexter]
right side of something
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Left [sinister]
Left side of something
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Central [centralis] (along with peripheral)
closer to the center- similar to an explosion
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Peripheral [peripheralis] (along with central)
farther from the center- away from an explosion
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Vertical [verticalis] (along with horizontal)
up and down
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Horizontal [horizontalis] (along with lateral)
side to side
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Tubulation (principal of morphology)
a hollowness that continues from one organ to another
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Stratification (principal of morphology)
layering
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Zygomorphism (pricipal of morphology)
bilateral symmetry (right and left)
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Metamerism (principal of morphology)
linear sequencing of structures (distal, proximal...) They are similar but not idential. Exp.- spine, fingers
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Cavitation (principal of morphology)
the hollowness is not continuitus- it refers to the large hollow spaces in the body. similar to the cranial, thoracic, and abdominal cavities
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Head
- Caput
- the whole area supported by the neck
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Crainum
- Cranium
- the portion of the head that surounds the brain
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Forhead
- frons
- brow of the anterior aspect of the cranium
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Occiput
- Occiput
- posterior aspect of the head
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Crown
- Vertex
- uppermost part of the head
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Temple
- tempus
- the side of the head posterior to the eye and anterior to the ear
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Ear
- auris
- the organ of hearing and equilibruim
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Face
- facies
- include the eyes, nose, mouth, cheeks, and chin
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Eye
- oculus
- the visual oragan consisting of they eyeball, eyelids, and several accessory structures
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Nose
- nasus
- the anteromedian projection from the face that you breath from
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Mouth
- os
- the intial part of the digestive system
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Cheek
- bucca (buk'a)
- soft tissue below each eye
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chin
- mentum
- the inferior medial protuberance of the head
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Neck
- collum
- the structure that connects the head and the trunk
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Posterior aspect (nape of the neck)
- nucha
- the posterior aspact or "scruff" of the neck
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Anterior aspect of the neck
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Trunk
- truncus
- the central protion of the body to which the neck and limbs attach
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Back
- dorsum
- the posterior aspect of the trunk
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Thorax/Chest
- thorax/pectus
- the superior aspect of the anterior portion of the trunk
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Abdomen
- abdomen
- the portion of the trunk immediatly inferior to the ribs
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Pelvis
- pelvis
- the portion fo the trunk inferior to the abdomen
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Superior Limb
- Membrum Superioris
- the paired upper limbs of the body
- includes 5 major parts
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Deltoid region/shoulder
- regio deltoideus
- the portion of the superior limb which attaches to the thorax. It contains the shoulder joint
- part of the superior limb
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Arm
- brachium
- the proximal portion of the superior limb between the shoulder and the elbow
- part of the superior limb
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Elbow
- cubitus
- the portion of the superiour limb at the junction of the brachium and the antebrachium
- part of the superior limb
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Forearm
- antebrachium
- the portion of the superiour limb between the elbo and the wrist
- part of the superior limb
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Hand
- manus
- the distal portion of the superior libm beyond the forearm. it includes the wrist, medacarpus, and the digits
- part of the superior limb
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Wrist
- carpus
- the proximal part of the hand. it contains the eight carpal bones
- part of the superior limb and the Hand (manus)
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Metacarpus
- metacarpus
- the portion of the hand between the wrist and the digits.
- part of the superior limb, and the Hand (manus)
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Digits of the Hand
- digiti manus
- the 5 moveable extensions forming the distal parts of the manus.
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First Digit or the Thumb
digitus primus (1), pollex
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Second digit or Index finger
digitus secundus (ll) index
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Third digit or Middle finger
digitus tertius (lll) digitus medius
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Fourth digit or Ring finger
digitus quartus (lV), digitus anularis
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Fifth digit or Little finger
digitus quintus (V), digitus minimus
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