Med Terms Ch. 7 (160-173 top) Quiz 1

• 1. cardiovascular
• 2. lymphatic

• cardi/o = heart
• vascul/o = vessel
• heart and blood vessels

structures involved in the conveyance of the fluid lymph

• home/o = sameness
• -stasis = controlling
• equilibrium of the internal environment of the body

blood circulates through the heart and blood vessels, carrying substances and taking away waste and carbon dioxide

• 1. supplies body cell with needed substances
• 2. transports waste products for disposal
• 3. maintains the acid-base balance of the body
• 4. prevents hemorrhage through blood clotting
• 5. protects against disease
• 6. helps regulate body temperature

heart

below

• 1. arteries (red)
• 2. veins (blue)

heart --> arteries --> arterioles --> capillaries (one cell thick, exchange occurs) --> venules --> veins --> venae cavae --> heart

heart --> lungs (get oxygen) --> heart

4

• 1. right atrium
• 2. right ventricle
• 3. left atrium
• 4. left ventricle

valves

valves between the atria and and ventricles

• 1. tricuspid (right)
• 2. bicuspid/mitral (left)

small flaps that make up the atrioventricular valves

• 1. pulmonary valve
• 2. aortic valve

regulates the flow of blood to the lungs

regulates the flow of blood into the aorta

• largest artery of the body
• the artery by which blood leaves the heart to be routed throughout the body

pertaining to

artery

outside

inside

lymphatic

little. you might just be "-ole", but your personality could be as big as the universe :D

• 1. pulmonary circulation
• 2. systemic circulation

• 1. oxygen-deficient blood to lungs via pulmonary arteries
• 2. oxygenated blood to heart via pulmonary veins

(1) oxygen-rich blood pumped from heart --> (2) aorta --> (3) routed to arteries --> (4) branch to arterioles --> (5) branch to capillaries --> (6) exchange at tissues of body --> (7) venules --> (8) veins --> (9) heart via veins called superior and inferior venae cavae

pertaining to

two. wish all words were this simple?

lung

half

three. like three's company too :D

• peri- = around
• cardi/o = heart
• -ium = membrane
• a sac made up of a double membrane that encloses the heart

• 1. endocardium (innermost)
• 2. myocardium (muscular middle layer of heart)
• 3. epicardium (outermost)

• aka visceral pericardium
• innermost layer of the pericardium

• endo- = inside
• the lining inside the heart

• my/o = muscle
• heart muscle itself
• thickest tissue of the heart and is composed of muscle fibers that contract (squeeze of blood)

blood vessels that supply oxygen to the heart

• 1. left coronary artery
• 2. right coronary artery

• encircling, in the manner of a crown
• coronary arteries encircle the heart in a crownlike fashion

heart

inside

fiber, fibrous

muscle

around

viscera

• 1. arteries
• 2. arterioles (smaller arteries)
• 3. veins
• 4. venules (smaller veins)
• 5. capillaries

pressure exerted by the blood on the wall of an artery

• 2 numbers
• 1. first # = maximum pressure on the artery
• 2. second # = amount of pressure that still exists when the heart is relaxed/not contracting

• vessel
• *sometimes means vas deferens

aorta

artery

arteriole

yellow fatty plaque. GROSSS. remember no "r"

vein

venule

• cardi/o = heart
• my/o = muscle
• -pathy = disease
• general diagnostic term that designates primary disease of the heart muscle itself

• -itis = inflammation
• inflammation of the heart muscle
• one example of cardiomyopathy

• inflammation of the endocardium
• often caused by infective microorganisms that invade the endocardium

• inflammation of the pericardium
• can be caused by infectious microorganisms, by a cancerous growth, or by other problems

• performed when blockage of coronary arteries is suspected
• use of electrocardiogram and other measurements

electrical currents of the heart muscle are recorded by an electrocardiograph

• passage of a long flexible tube into the heart chambers through a vein in an arm or leg or the neck
• catheter: instrument
• function: collection of blood samples from different parts of the heart and determines pressure differences in various chambers

• cardi/o = heart
• -ac = pertaining to
• refers to the heart

a device consisting of a tube and an optical system that allows observation of the inside of a hollow organ or cavity

pertaining to

femur (thigh bone)

• echo- = sound
• -graphy = process of recording
• use of ultrasonography in diagnosing heart disease

record of the heart obtained by directing ultrasonic waves through the chest wall

magnetic resonance imaging

positron emission tomography for blood flow using radioactive element

• angina = Latin - to choke
• pectoris = Latin pectora - chest
• severe chest pain and constriction about the heart cause by an insufficient supply of blood to the heart itself

• a- = without
• irregularity or loss of rhythm of the heartbeat (dysrhythmia is technically more correct)

• cardi/o = heart
• -megaly = enlargement
• enlarged size of the heart

• congenital = existing at birth
• abnormalities present in the heart at birth
• these defects often involve the septum (a partition that divides the right and left chambers of the heart)
• arterial septal defects and ventricular septal defects involve abnormal openings between the atria and ventricles, respectively

a condition characterized by weakness, breathlessness, and edema (swelling caused by excessive tissue fluid) in lower portions of the body; the work demanded of the heart is greater than its ability to perform; also called congestive heart disease

an abnormal condition that affects the heart's arteries and produces various pathologic effects, especially the reduced flow of blood to the myocardium

heart damage resulting from insufficient oxygen caused by pathologic changes in the coronary arteries

a severe cardiac arrhythmia in which contractions are too rapid and uncoordinated for effective blood circulation. It can sometimes be reversed by the use of a defibrillator, an electronic apparatus that delivers a shock to the heart, often through the placement of electrodes on the chest (de- = down, from, or reversing). Defibrillation may also be sued to slow the heart or restore its normal rhythm.

a clinical condition resulting from failure of the heart to pump the blood effectively and to maintain adequate circulation of the blood

a soft blowing or rasping sound that may be heard when listening to the heart with a stethoscope; it is not necessarily pathologic

• hyper- = excessive
• -emia = blood
• excessive lipids (fats) in the blood. An elevated blood level of one type of lipid, cholesterol, is associated with an increased risk of developing coronary heart disease in most individuals

• hyper- = excessive or above normal
• elevated blood pressure. Usually, if the first number is consistently above 140 or the second number is consistently above 100 the person is considered to have hypertension

• hypo- = below normal
• low blood pressure. A blood pressure of 95/60 indicates hypotension, but each person's reading must be interpreted individually

necrosis of a localized area of tissue cause by lack of blood supply to that area. Necrosis means death of tissue. It can result from occlusion (obstruction) or stenosis (narrowing) of the artery that supplies blood to that tissue. Myocardial infarction (MI) is the death of an area of the heart muscle that occurs as a result of oxygen deprivation (also called acute myocardial infarction [AMI])

deficiency of blood supply to the myocardium (ischemia = a temporary deficiency of blood supply to any body part)

a serious condition in which blood flow to the heart is reduced to such an extent that body tissue do not receive enough blood. This condition can result in death. Shock may have various causes, including hemorrhage, infection, drug reaction, injury, poisoning, MI, and excessive emotional stress.

increase in the diameter of a blood vessel

decrease in the diameter of a blood vessel

• angi/o = vessel
• -oma = tumor
• tumors consisting principally of blood vessels (hemangioma) or lymph vessels (lymphangioma)
• usually benign and not malignant

radiography of arteries after injection of radiopaque material into the bloodstream

radiography of the heart and great vessels after intravenous injection of a radiopaque solution

general term for radiography of vessels

• ballooning out of the wall of a vessel, usually an artery, caused by a congenital defect or weakness of the wall of the vessel
• can be repaired by surgery

blood clot

sudden blocking of an artery of lymph vessel by foreign material that has been brought to the site of blockage by the circulating blood

foreign material brought to the vessel

• aka varicosity
• swollen and knotted veins that occurs most often in legs. Result from defective valves in the veins and sluggish blood flow

masses of dilated varicose veins in the anal canal

hardening of the arteries

stroke or stroke syndrome