-
GENTAMICIN
(jen-ta-mya-sin)
(Garamycin)
Anti-infective
- SIDE EFFECTS:
- Use during pregnancy can result in bilateral congenital deafness
- Ototoxicity
- Allergic reaction: fever, difficulty breathing, rash
- NURSING CONSIDERATIONS:
- Treatment of severe systemic infections of CNS, respiratory, GI, urinary tract, bone, skin, soft tissues, acute PID
- IV: over 1/2 to 1 hr; IM by deep, slow injection, never subQ
- Careful monitoring of blood levels
- Check peak- 2 hrs after med given
- Check trough- at time of dose/prior to med
- Monitor for signs of superinfection: diarrhea, URI, coated tongue
- Immediately report hearing or balance problems.
- Encourage fluids to 8-10 glasses/day
- RX: Preg Cat C
-
AMPOTERICIN B
(am-foe-ter-i-sin)
(Fungizone)
Antifungal
- SIDE EFFECTS:
- Blood, kidney, heart, liver abnormalities, GI upset, Hypokalemia- induced, muscle pain, CNS disturbances, inefficient hearing, skin irritation and thrombosis if IV infiltrates.
- NURSING CONSIDERATIONS:
- Treatment of histoplasmosis, skin infections, septicemia, meningitis in HIV patients
- Monitor vital signs; report fever or change in function, especially nervous system
- Check for hypokalemia
- Meticulous care and observation of injection site
- Potential benefits must be balanced against serious side effects
- RX: Preg Cat B
-
FLUCONAZOLE
(flew-kon-uh-zol)
(Diflucan)
Antifungal
- SIDE EFFECTS:
- Nausea, Headache, abd pain, diarrhea, taste distortion.
- NURSING CONSIDERATIONS:
- Used to treat vaginal, esophageal, or systemic candidiasis
- Prothrombin time is increased after warfarin usage.
- Take missed dose as soon as noticed, but do not double dose.
- Reduces metabolism of tolbutamide, glyburide, and glipizide, so blood glucose levels should be monitored more closely in diabetics
- RX: Preg Cat C
-
HYDROZYCHLOROQUINE
(hye-drox-ee-klor-oh-kwin)
(Plaquenil)
Antimalarials
- SIDE EFFECTS:
- Eye disturbances, Nausea, vomiting, anorexia
- NURSING CONSIDERATIONS:
- Management of malaria, lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis
- Peak 1-2 hours
- Take at the same time each day to maintain blood level
- For malaria, prophylaxis should be started 2 weeks before exposure and continue for 4-6 weeks after leaving exposure area
- RX: Preg Cat C
-
QUININE SULFATE
(kwye-nine sul-fate)
Antimalarials
- SIDE EFFECTS:
- Eye disturbances, nausea, vomiting, anorexia
- NURSING CONSIDERATIONS:
- Treatment of malaria, nocturnal leg cramps
- Peak 1-3 hours
- Take at the same time each day to maintain blood level
- Avoid OTC cold meds, tonic water
- OTC/RX: Preg Cat X
-
METRONIDAZOLE
(me-troe-ni-da-zole)
(Flagyl, Flagyl ER)
Antiprotozoals
- SIDE EFFECTS:
- Headache, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abd cramps, metallic taste
- NURSING CONSIDERATIONS:
- Treatment of a wide variety of infections, including trichomoniasis and giardiasis
- IV: immdeiate onset, PO: peak 1-2 hrs
- Urine may turn dark-redish brown
- Avoid hazardous activities
- Treatment of both partners is necessary in trichomoniasis
- Do not drink alcohol or preparations containing alcohol during and 48 hours after use, disulfiram-like reaction can occur
- RX: Preg Cat B
-
ISONIAZID
(eye-soe-nye-a-zid)
(INH)
Antituberculars
- SIDE EFFECTS:
- Peripheral neuropathy, liver damage.
- NURSING CONSIDERATIONS:
- Prevention and treatment of TB
- PO/IM: onset rapid, peak 1-2 hrs, duration up to 24 hrs.
- Contact clinician if signs of hepatitis: yellow eyes and skin, nausea, vomiting, anorexia, dark urine, unusual tiredness, or weakness
- Contact clinician if signs of peripheral neuropathy: numbness, tingling, or weakness
- RX: Preg Cat C
-
ACYCLOVIR
(ay-sye-kloe-ver)
(Zovirax)
Antivirals
- SIDE EFFECTS:
- Headache, Blood dyscrasias
- NURSING CONSIDERATIONS:
- Treatment of herpes, varicella
- IV: onset immediate, peak immediate
- PO: absorbed minimally, onset unknown, peak 1 1/2 hours
- Do not break, crush, or chew capsules
- PO: Take without regard to meals with a full glass of water
- If dose is missed, take as soon as remembered, up to 1 hr before next dose.
- Contact clinician if sore throat, fever and fatigue, could be signs of superinfection
- RX: Preg Cat B
-
OSELTAMIVIR, PHOSPHATE
(oh-sul-tamm-eh-vere foss-fate)
(Tamiflu)
Antivirals
- SIDE EFFECTS:
- Nausea, vomiting
- NURSING CONSIDERATIONS:
- Used as prophylaxis in adults for influenza, including Avian Bird Flu.
- Used to treat uncomplicated acute flu symptoms in patients symptomatic for less than 2 days
- Should not be used as a substitute for influenza vaccinations
- May be taken without regard to meals
- RX: Preg Cat C
-
VALACYCLOVIR HCL
(val-uh-sy-kloe-veer)
(Valtrex)
Antivirals
- SIDE EFFECTS:
- Nausea, vomiting, headache, abdominal cramps
- NURSING CONSIDERATIONS:
- For the treatment of genital herpes, herpes zoster (shingles), herpes labialis (cold sores)
- Patients should drink plenty of fluids during treatment
- Avoid sexual contact when leisons are visible
- Use with caution in pregnancy and nursing mothers
- RX: Preg Cat B
-
ZIDOVUDINE
(zye-doe-vue-deen)
(AZT, Retrovir)
Antivirals
- SIDE EFFECTS:
- Fever, headache, malaise, dizziness, insomnia, dyspepsia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, anorexia, rash
- NURSING CONSIDERATIONS:
- Management of HIV infections and prevention of HIV following needlestick
- GI upset and insomnia resolve after 3-4 weeks
- PO: peak 1/2-1 1/2 hours
- RX: Preg Cat C
-
CEFADROXIL, CHPHALEXIN
(sef-a-drox-ill, sef-a-lex-in)
(Duricef, Keflex/Keflet)
Cephalosporins, first generation
- NURSING CONSIDERATIONS:
- Treatment of infections: respiratory tract, sin and bone, otitis media, tonsilitis, UTIs, endocarditis, peritonitis
- Avoid alcohol
- Eat yogurt or buttermilk to maintain intestinal flora
- Take for 10-14 days to prevent superinfection
- RX: Preg Cat B
-
CEFACLOR, CEFOTETAN, CEFOXITIN, CEPROZIL, CEFUROXIME
(sef-a-klor, sef-oh-tee-tan, se-fox-i-tin, sef-proe-sill, sef-yoo-rox-eem)
(Ceclor/Ceclor CD, Cefotan, Mefoxin, Cefzil, Ceftin)
Cephalosporins, second generation
- NURSING CONSIDERATIONS:
- Treatment of a wide range of infections: respiratory tract, skin, joint and bone, otitis media, pharyngitis/tonsilitis, UTIs, Peritonitis, GYN and gonococcal, meningitis, septicemia, secondary bacterial infection of acute bronchitis, acute bacterial exacerbatuion of chronic bronchitis, acute sinusitis
- Can be used for surgical prophylaxis
- Avoid alcohol
- Eat yogurt or buttermilk to maintain intestinal flora
- Take for 10-14 days to prevent superintection
- RX: Preg Cat B
-
CEFDINIR, CEFEPIME, CEFOPERAZONE, CEFOTAXIME, CEFPODOXIME
(sef-dih-ner, sef-e-peem, sef-oh-per-a-zone, sef-oh-taks-eem, sef-poe-docks-eem)
(Omnicef, Maxipime, Cefobid, Claforan, Vantin)
Cephalosporins, third generation
- SIDE EFFECTS:
- Nausea, vomiting, anorexia, diarrhea
- NURSING CONSIDERATIONS:
- Treatment of infections: respiratory tract, skin and bone, otitis media, UTIs, peritonitis, GYN and STDs, meningitis, septicemia, bacteremia, acute bacterial exacerbation of chronic bronchitis
- Avoid alcohol
- Eat yogurt or buttermilk to maintain normal flora
- Take for 10-14 days to prevent superinfection
- RX: Preg Cat B
-
CIPROFLOXACIN
(sip-ro-flocks-a-sin)
(Cipro)
Fluroquinolones
- SIDE EFFECTS:
- Seizures, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal distress, flatulence, rash, photosensitivity
- NURSING CONSIDERATIONS:
- Treatment of infection caused by E. coli and other bacteria, chronic bacterial prostatis, acute sinusitis, postexposure inhalation anthrax
- Contraindicated in children less than 18 years of age
- Take 2 hours after meals or 2 hours before an antacid or iron preparation
- Take at equal intervals around the clock
- Avoid caffeine
- Encourage fluids to 8-10 glasses/day
- RX: Preg Cat C
-
VANCOMYCIN
(van-koe-mye-sin)
(Lyphocin, Vancocin, Vancoled)
Glycopeptides
- SIDE EFFECTS:
- Liver Damage
- NURSING CONSIDERATIONS:
- Treatment of resistant staph infections, colitis, staph enterocolitis, endocarditis prophylaxis for dental procedures (used for c. difficile)
- PO: poor absorption
- IV: peak 5 minutes, duration 12-24 hours
- Give antihistamine if "red man syndrome": decreased blood pressure, flushing of face and neck
- Contact clinician if signs of superinfection: sore throat, fever, fatigue
- RX: Preg Cat C
-
CINDAMYCIN
(klin-da-my-sin)
(Cleocin HCI, Cleocin Phosphate for IM)
Lincosamides
- SIDE EFFECTS:
- Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, vaginitis
- NURSING CONSIDERATIONS:
- Treatment of infections caused by staph, strep, and other organisms
- PO: peak 45 minutes, duration 6 hours
- IM: Peak 3 hours, duration 8-12 hours
- RX: Preg Cat B
-
AZITHROMYCIN
(ay-zi-thro-my-sin)
(Zithromax)
Macrolides
- SIDE EFFECTS:
- Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea
- NURSING CONSIDERATIONS:
- Treatment of mild to moderate infections of the respiratory tract, skin, nongonoccocal urethritis, cervicitis, acute pharyngitis/tonsillitis, community acquired pneumonia
- PO: rapid onset, peak 2.5-3.2 hours, duration 24 hours
- IV: rapid onset, peak end of infusion, duration 24 hours
- PO: dont take with antacids; can take with or without food
- Monitor for signs of superinfection (diarrhea, perineal itching, oral ulcers)
- If treated for nongonococcal urethritis or cervicitis, sexual partners also need treatment
- RX: Preg Cat B
-
CLARITHROMYCIN
(Klair-ith-row-my-sin)
(Biaxin, Biaxin XL)
Macrolides
- SIDE EFFECTS:
- Nausea, Diarrhea, Dyspepsia, Taste abnormalities
- NURSING CONSIDERATIONS:
- Used for respiratory infections, treatment may be 7-14 days depending on organism and extent of infection
- Medication should be taken with food
- be aware of possible increase in theophylline and c arbamazepine levels
- RX: Preg Cat C
-
ERYTHROMYCIN
(eh-rith-roe-mye-sin)
(Ery-tab, Erythrocin)
Macrolides
- SIDE EFFECTS:
- Abdominal cramps, pain at injection site, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea
- NURSING CONSIDERATIONS:
- Treatment of infrections, including chlamydia, syphilis
- PO: Give 1 hr ac/2 hr pc with full glass of water (avoid citrus juice) Some formulations can be given without regard to meals
- PO: onset 1 hr, peak up to 4 hours, duration 6-12 hours
- IV: onset rapid, peak end of infusion, duration 6-12 hours
- Take at equal intervals around the clock.
- Can be used in patients with compromised renal function
- Monitor for signs of superinfection: diarrhea, perineal itching, oral ulcers
- RX: Preg Cat B
-
AMOXICILLIN, AMPICILLIN, PENICILLIN
(ah-mox-ih-sill-in, am-pih-sill-in, pen-i-sill-in)
(Amoxil, Omnipen, Bicillin, Wycillin)
Penicillins
- SIDE EFFECTS:
- Allergic reactions: fever, difficulty breathing, skin rash, renal, hepatic, hematologic abnormalities, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea
- NURSING CONSIDERATIONS:
- Treatment of resipratory infections, scarlet fever, otitis media, pneumonia, skin and soft tissue infections, gonorrhea
- Take careful history of penicillin reaction; observe for 20 minutes post IM injection
- PO for menicillin and ampicillin: Take 1 hr before meals or 2 hrs after meals to reduce gastric acid destruction of drug. Not true for amoxicillin
- Take equally divided doses around the clock
- continue medication for entire time prescribed, even if symptoms resolve
- check for hypersensitivity to other drugs especially cephalosporins
- RX: Preg Cat B
-
SULFISOXAZOLE
(sul-fi-sox-a-zole)
(Gantrisin)
Sulfanamides
-
TRIMETHOPRIM- SULFAMETHOXAZOLE
(trye-meth-oh-prim-sul-fa-meth-ox-a-zole)
(Bactrim, Septra)
Sulfanamides
-
DOXYCYCLINE, MINOCYCLINE
(dox-i-sye-kleen, Mi-noe-sye-kleen)
(Vibramycin, Vibra-tabs, Minocin)
Tetracyclines
|
|
