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The reception of genetic qualities by transmission from parent to offspring.
inheritence
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An individual with the normal (most common) phenotype.
wild type
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The first filial, or hybrid, offspring in a genetic cross-fertilization.
F1 Generation
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The physical and physiological traits of an organism, which are determined by its genetic makeup.
phenotype
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An allele whose phenotypic effect is not observed in a heterozygote.
recessive allele
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The genetic makeup, or set of alleles, of an organism.
genotype
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An allele that is fully expressed in the phenotype of a heterozygote.
dominant allele
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The phenotype that results from having at least one dominant allele.
dominant phenotype
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Alternative versions of a gene that produce distinguishable phenotypic effects.
allele
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Having two identical alleles for a given gene.
homozygous
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Having two different alleles for a given gene.
heterozygous
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An organism that is heterozygous with respect to a single gene of interest. All the offspring from a cross between parents homozygous for different alleles are monohybrids. For example, parents of genotypes AA and aa produce a monohybrid of genotype Aa.
monohybrid cross
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A cross of an individual with a dominant phenotype to a homozygous recessive individual in order to find out its genotype is called a __.
testcross
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There are two possible outcomes of a testcross.
--> If all the __ offspring have the ___ then the genotype of the parent with the ___is __.
--> If half of the __offspring have the dominant phenotype and half have the ___, then the genotype of the parent with the dominant phenotype is __.
- F1
- dominant phenotype x2
- homozygous dominant
- F1
- recessive phenotype
- heterozygous
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As usual, an individual with the recessive phenotype has the __.
homozygous recessive genotype
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Referring to plants that produce offspring of the same variety when they self-pollinate.
true breeding
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If we did not know the genotype of the F1 individual, we could perform a ___.
testcross
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An organism that is heterozygous with respect to two genes of interest. All the offspring from a cross between parents doubly homozygous for different alleles are dihybrids. For example, parents of genotypes AABB and aabb produce a dihybrid of genotype AaBb.
dihybrid
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An allele that is fully expressed in the phenotype of a heterozygote.
dominant allele
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Breeding of an organism of unknown genotype with a homozygous recessive individual to determine the unknown genotype. The ratio of phenotypes in the offspring determines the unknown genotype.
testcross
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Offspring resulting from interbreeding of the hybrid F1 generation.
F2 Generation
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The expected phenotypic ratio in the F2 generation for a cross of two characters that segregate independently.
9:3:3:1 ratio
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The Austrian monk __ brought an experimental, quantitative approach to the study of __. In this activity, you can work alongside Mendel and study some of the principles of genetics that he discovered working in his monastery garden.
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The reciprocal exchange of genetic material between nonsister chromatids during prophase I of meiosis.
crossing over
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An organism that is heterozygous with respect to a single gene of interest. All the offspring from a cross between parents homozygous for different alleles are monohybrids. For example, parents of genotypes AA and aa produce a monohybrid of genotype Aa.
monohybrid
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