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Behavioral Perspective -
A theory of human development that stresses the role of experience in shaping behavior. Learning is believed to occur as a result of external reinforcement of associations between environmental stimuli and behavioral responses. Skinner was the major advocate of behaviorism
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Competencies -
- the quality of being adequately or well qualified physically and intellectually.
- 1998 Pew Health Professions Commission recommended 21 competencies for health care professionals in the 21st century. Pg. 27 in P & P.
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Conceptual Framework -
- a group of related concepts that provides an overall view or orientation to focus thoughts.
- Purpose - to give clear direction to the three areas of nursing: Practice, Education, Research
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Crisis -
- A sudden change in the course of a disease or fever, toward either improvement or deterioration.
- An emotionally stressful event or traumatic change in a person's life.
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Disease -
- A disease is an abnormal condition affecting the body of an organism.
- It is often construed to be a medical condition associated with specific symptoms and signs.
- It may be caused by external factors, such as infectious disease, or it may be caused by internal dysfunctions, such as autoimmune diseases
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Esteem -
Esteem used as a noun implies Value, worth or reputation; often used in conjunction with Self-Esteem. Generally implies a favourable opinion, regard or respect.
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Experiential perspective -
is based on the diverse characteristics of the individual and the shared meaning based on the context of the situation.
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Health -
is the dynamic state of balance among human responses and internal and external stressors.
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Illness -
impairment of normal physiological function affecting part or all of an organism.
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Interaction -
the act of some things interacting, or acting upon one another; A conversation or exchange between people.
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Objectives -
something that one's efforts or actions are intended to attain or accomplish; purpose; goal; target.
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Pathophysiological perspective -
includes the disordered biologic function in the direction of decompensation or illness that results from a stressor.
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Patterns -
recurring events, results, etc.
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Perspective -
a mental view or prospect.
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Philosophy -
the rational investigation of the truths and principles of being, knowledge, or conduct.
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Physiological perspective -
- includes the usual biological or normal regulatory response to a stressor.
- When individuals respond predominantly physiological responses or compensation, they are in a state of health.
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Responses -
Biology. any behavior of a living organism that results from an external or internal stimulus.
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Stressors -
an activity, event, or other stimulus that causes stress.
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Task -
a definite piece of work assigned to, falling to, or expected of a person; duty.
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Advanced Practice Nurse -
is generally the most independently functioning nurse.
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Clinical Nurse Specialist -
is an APN who is an expert clinician in a specialized area of nursing practice.
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Nurse Practioner -
provides health care to a group of clients, usually in an outpatient, ambulatory care, or community-based setting.
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Certified nurse-midwife (CNM) -
is an RN who is also educated in midwifery and is certified by the American College of Nurse-Midwives.
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Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetist -
is an RN with advanced education in a nurse anesthesia accredited program.
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Nurse Administrator -
manages client care and the delivery of specific nursing services within a health care agency.
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Nurse Researcher -
investigates problems to improve nursing care and to further define and expand the scope of nursing practice.
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Prospective Payment System (PPS) -
- established by Congress in 1983, the PPS eliminated cost-based reimbursement.
- The PPS grouped inpatient hospital services for Medicare clients into 468 Diagnosis-related groups (DRGs).
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Capitation -
means the providers received a fixed amount per client or enrollee of a health care plan.
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Parenteral -
- situated or occurring outside the intestine <parenteral drug administration by intravenous, intramuscular, or subcutaneous injection>especially : introduced otherwise than by way of the intestines <enteric versus parenteral feeding>
- Not through the alimentary canal but rather by injection through some other route, as subcutaneous, intramuscular, intraorbital, intracapsular, intraspinal, intrasternal, intravenous, etc. Origin: Gr. Enteron = intestine.
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Integrated delivery networks -
larger health care systems developed IDNs that include a set of providers and services organized to deliver a continuum of care to a population of clients at a capitated cost in a particular setting.
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Disease prevention -
activities that protect people from becoming ill because of actual or potential health threats.
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Health promotion -
activities that develop human attitudes and behaviors to maintain or enhance well-being.
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Managed care organization -
organization that provides or contracts for specific health care services (e.g. hospital care, prescription medications).
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Primary care -
provision of integrated, accessible health care services by health care professionals who address a majority of personal health care needs, develop partnerships with clients, and care for families and communites.
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Primary health care -
combination of primary and public health care that is accessible to individuals and families in a community and provided at an affordable cost.
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Primary prevention -
health-promoting behaviors or activities that reduce the occurance of an illness.
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Public health -
community and interdisciplinary care aimed at preventing disease and promoting health.
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Secondary prevention -
early diagnosis anf treatment of illness (e.g. screening for HTN).
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Tertiary prevention -
care that prevents further progression of disease.
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Case management -
a model of care where a case manager, usually a nurse or social worker, coordinates the efforts of all disciplines to achieve the most efficient and appropriate plan of care for the client.
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Discharge planning -
begins the moment a client is admitted to a health care facilty.
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Critical pathway -
a multidisciplinary treatment plan that outlines the treatments or interventions clients need to have while in the hospital for a specific condition or procedure.
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Restorative care -
helps individuals regain maximal functional status and to enhance quality of life through promotion of independence and self-care.
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Rehabilitation -
restores a person to the fullest physical, mental, social, vocational, and economic potential possible.
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Extended care facility -
provides intermediate medical, nursing, or custodial care for clients recovering from acute illness or clients with chronic illnesses or disabilities.
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Skilled nursing facility -
also called intermediate care, offers skilled care from a licensed nursing staff. Includes administration of IV fluids, wound care, long-term ventilator management, and physical rehabilitation.
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Nursing-Sensitive Outcomes -
client outcomes that are directly related to nursing care.
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Globalization -
- Health care consumers demand quality and service and have become more knowledgeable. They often search on the internet about their health concerns and medical conditions.
- They also use the internet to select their health care providers.
- Physicians and health care providers have to make their services more accessible as a result of globalization.
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Vulnerable populations -
Children, women, and older adults are most threatened by urbanization. Pg. 30 in P & P.
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