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Urinary-Ch6

  1. Kidneys lie at WHAT level?
    T12-L3
  2. The Right kidney sits where compared to the left kidney?
    the right kidney is inferior and more anterior than the left
  3. The left kidney is -blank- than the right.
    Longer
  4. Kidney's are surrounded by what?
    fat capsule
  5. The outer layer of the kidney is called:
    Cortex
  6. The inner layer of kidney is called:
    Medulla
  7. Functional unit if Kidney is-
    Nephron
  8. Each kidney contains how many Nephrons?
    over 1 million
  9. Nephron filters how much water out of the glomerular blood each day?
    190 Liters
  10. How much water is excreted back into the urine?
    About 1-2Liters
  11. How much water is reabsorbed into the Tubular blood after it has been filtered out of the glomerular blood?
    about 99%
  12. Ureters enter bladder where?
    at Trigon
  13. Trigon of bladder is found where?
    posterior aspect of bladder
  14. How is reflux prevented in bladder and ureters?
    The angle of the ureter insertion into the bladder. (no valve is present)
  15. What are the 4 jobs of the Urinary System?
    • 1: Maintain Homeostasis
    • 2: Control concentration & Blood volume
    • 3: Cleanse blood
    • 4: Urine formation
  16. Urine formation occurs where?
    in the Glomerulus
  17. Blood enters the kidneys through the:
    Renal artery
  18. Blood travels from the Renal artery to?
    Interlobar-Arcuate-Interlobular-Afferent-Glomerulus
  19. Initial urine travels to blank first, then to the loop of henle.
    Proximal convoluted tubule
  20. What takes place in the loop of henle?
    re-absorption of Salt and Water
  21. Urine travels from the loop of henle to?
    Distal convoluted tubule
  22. the Distal convoluted tubule's job is what?
    permits excretion of concentrated urine by actively secreting potassium & hydrogen ions
  23. Where is Bowman's capsule found?
    around the glomerulus
  24. Is blood pressure higher in Bowman's capsule or Glomerulus?
    Glomerulus
  25. What 2 things do not pass through the Bowman's capsule (unless there is something wrong)?
    Protein and RBC's
  26. The amount of fluid re-absorbed back into the body (tubular blood) in influenced by 2 hormones...they are???
    Antidiuretic and aldosterone
  27. ADH (antidiuretic hormone) is secreted by what gland?
    Posterior pituitary gland
  28. Aldosterone is secreted by what gland?
    Adrenal gland
  29. About how long does it take to cleanse all the blood in the body?
    4 hours
  30. Ph of blood should be between what?
    7.35-7.45
  31. if Ph of blood is lower than 7.35 then it is considered:
    too acidic
  32. if Ph of blood is higher than 7.5 then it is considered:
    too alkaline (base)
  33. What is Erythropoietin?
    substance produced in the kidney that stimulates rate of RBC production
  34. What is the correlation between Renal failure and Anemia?
    Kidneys control RBC production (by producing erythropoietin) so if kidney function starts to fail then so does RBC production resulting in decreased amount of RBC-anemia
  35. What is Renal agenisis?
    Only 1 kidney develops it is also larger than normal due to compensatory hypertrophy
  36. supernumerary kidney is what?
    presence of 3rd kidney
  37. supernumerary kidneys and ureters?
    can have it's own separate ureter or can have a branch attaching to one of the ureters from one of the kidneys that are supposed to be there.
  38. does a supernumerary kidney function normal?
    yes...but tends to get infections easier so it may be removed due to this complication
  39. What is a hypoplastic kidney?
    a normal functioning kidney that is smaller than what is should be
  40. What is an Atrophic kidney?
    Small but not normal functioning kidney-the calyces are enlarged due the parenchyma's small size
  41. What is compensatory hypertrophy?
    acquired condition that develops when 1 kidney is forced to perform function normally carried out by 2 kidneys
  42. Compensatory hypertrophy is caused by:
    Cell size (not number of cells)
  43. Compensatory hypertrophy is most common in which age groups?
    Children (chances diminish in adulthood)
  44. Compensatory hypertrophy is associated with?
    renal agenesis & hypoplastic kidney
  45. Malrotated kidney is what?
    Normal functioning kidney that is in a unique orientation (rotation of some sort)
  46. What is an ectopic kidney?
    Abnormally positioned kidney (it is not within it's normal parameters of T12-L3)
  47. Types of ectopic kidneys
    Pelvic (kidney is found in true pelvis) & Intrathoracic (kidney is found above diaphragm)
  48. Which type of Ectopic kidney is more common?
    Pelvic kidney
  49. How can you distinguish ectopic kidney from nephroptosis?
    By the length of the ureter. If there is a long ureter and the kidney is not where it is supposed to be then it is a nephroptosis (it has fallen from where it was). If the kidney has a short ureter attached to it then it originally was located in the pelvis (it didn't fall so if is ectopic)
  50. Define "horseshoe" kidney.
    Both kidneys are malrotated & the lower poles are joined by either band of renal parenchyma or connective tissue
  51. In "horseshoe" kidney the ureters exit where?
    Anteriorly over the lower poles (instead of medially)
  52. In "horseshoe" kidney, the lower poles point:
    medially
  53. What is a Crossed Ectopy?
    Both kidneys lie on same side of body and are usually fused.
  54. What is complete fusion of the kidney?
    There is No resemblance to renal structure. It is a single irregular mass.
  55. Complete fusion is AKA:
    Disk, cake, lump, doughnut (can be S,C,L,J shapes)
  56. In a complete fusion is the kidney still able to function?
    yes
  57. Hom many ureters enter the bladder when the kidneys are completely fused?
    2
  58. Can complete fused kidneys be found within the pelvis?
    Yes
  59. Out of "horseshoe" and complete fusion-which is more common?
    "Horse-Shoe" kidney
  60. What is an Ureterocele?
    Cyst-like dilation of distal ureter proximal to the ureterocesical orifice (ureter insertion into bladder)
  61. Ureterocele's appear as -
    "spring-onion" sign or "cobra" sign
  62. Ureterocele's are a result from what?
    stenosis of ureterovesical orifice
  63. Ectopic Ureterocele's are found in what age group?
    Almose exclusively in Infants & Children
  64. In US how does a ureterocele appear?
    as a round-cystlike structure within the bladder.
  65. Children with ureteral duplication have how much of a chance of having associated ureteroceles?
    80%
Author
Anonymous
ID
58349
Card Set
Urinary-Ch6
Description
Pathology Urinary Chapter 6
Updated

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