has pores that let hydrophobic in but hydrophilic has to come in some other way.this is possible through diffusion and active transport.
Phosolipid
A phosphate (which is charged) and a lipid (no charge) The phosphate is hydrophilic the lipid is hydrophobic
Hydrophobic
Doesnt dissolve in water but in lipid layer. Non polar example H20 and CO2 like olive oil.
Hydrophilic
Attracted, dissolves in and transported by water. It can't get through the lipid layer of the cell membrane because it is polar so it has to have active transport or active diffusion to get through usually ions like K+ and Na-.
Diffusion
the spontanious movement of a substance from regions of high concentration to regions of low concentrations without the need of ATP. SPONTANIOUS!
Concentration gradiant
The amount of something from one region to the other. (ex higher Na outside the cell then inside the cell)
Equilibrium
When the concentration gradiant is equal between the 2 regions. not a good thing when talking about the human body, this stops diffusion.
Gradiant
it is the different between the 2 regions (high and low) determines the direction and the amount that will be diffused.
chemical concentration
one of the strengths of the gradiants. it just looks at the concentration of the number of gradiants not the charge. just the shear numbers from the 2 regions
Electrical concentration
the different charge that the ion has if its already positive inside then more wont want to flow in but if its more positive inside then outside then it will flow pretty good sense they are attracted. way more influentale then the chemical concentration.
Electrochemical gradiant
Both the strengths of the charge of the 2 regions with the help or hindering with the concentration of the chemical concentration until there is no net diffusion that doesnt always mean that its equilibrium.
gated channel
doesnt let ions flow freely in and out
leaky channel
lets the ions flow freely from the cell to the outside
transporter
dont use energy facilitates diffusion ex. GLU transporter glucose hydrophilic stuff. works like a reflex it goes to the binding site and it makes it change shape. It's a 2 way door
active transport
opposite of diffusion, goes againest concentration gradiant which is why it needs ATP because its pumping againest the concentration gradiant.