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Derived from cell wall of gram neg bacteria
Pyrogens
Used more broadly as any contamination by product from bact
Endotoxins
Cannot be used for injections
PW purified water
Has to be with lower level of chemicals, micro and pyrogens than PW
WFI water for injections
Vaporizing and condensing for water purification
Distillation
Uses resins to deionize water removing neg and pos ions and replacing them with OH and H ions
Ion exchange purification
Water purification using activated carbon
Carbon adsorption
Inexpensive method of filtration to remove particles larger than 10th
Depth filters
Synthetic polymer filters with specific spore size. Effectively removes bacteria
Microfilters/screen filters
Filtration that can remove viruses and pyrogens
Ultrafiltration
Filtration that removes solute with diameter of .001um
Nanofiltration
Removes materials down to molecular weight of 300
Reverse osmosis (RO)
Three methods of water purification
UV oxidation
Chlorination
Ozonation
4 ways to test water purification
Resistivity-ionic contamination
Bacterial counts
Pyrogens
Total organic carbon
pH-pure water is at pH 6.0 or below
Glass that is most common general purpose in the lab
Borosilicate glass (pyrex, kimax, and cortex)
Passing solutions that are heat sensitive through a small pore size filter for sterilizing
Filtration
Sterilization by heating to generate steam and pressure
Autoclaving
4 steps for storing proteins
Refridgerate for short periods in buffer or salts to prevent degradation
Rapid freeze protects proteins
Store concentrated
Use additives to protect
Storing DNA and RNA
Refridgerate short term
Freeze long term with additives
Storing intact cells
Stored at temps below -130 degrees. Most of the time in liquid nitrogen at -196C
Author
obchase
ID
58226
Card Set
Lab techniques.txt
Description
Basic Lab Techniques
Updated
2011-01-05T19:02:31Z
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