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Define covalent bond.
A covalent bond is when 2 atoms share electrons.
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Generally, between what substances do covalent bonds form?
Covalent bonds form between two nonmetals.
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Is hydrogen considered a metal or a nonmetal? Explain
Hydrogen is considered a nonmetal even though it is located on left side of the per table.
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What value is the potential energy when atoms have bonded?
The potential energy is at its minimum when atoms have bonded.
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When atoms are bonded, are they more stable or less stable?
When atoms are bonded, they are more stable.
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Is energy absorbed or released in the formation of a chemical bond?
Energy is released in the formation of a chemical bond.
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How many pairs of electrons are shared between the atoms in diatomic nitrogen?
Three pairs of electrons are shared between the atoms in diatomic nitrogen
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How many total electrons are shared between the atoms of diatomic oxygen?
Four total electrons are shared between the atoms of diatomic oxygen
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Define an ionic bond in terms of electrons.
An ionic bond is a transfer of electrons.
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What type of ions do metals form?
Metals form positive ions.
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When a nonmetal forms an ion, does it get larger or smaller? Explain
When a nonmetal forms an ion it gets larger because it gains electron(s)
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What type of bond is formed when two oppositely charged particles are held together by thier attraction?
An Ionic bond is formed when two oppositely charged particles are held together by thier attraction
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What is the cation to anion ratio in magnesium chloride?
The cation to anion ratio in magnesium chloride is 1 : 2
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How many covalent bonds will an atom of nitrogen form?
An atom of nitrogen will form 3 covalent bonds.
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Explain why oxygen will form 2 covalent bonds.
Oxygen will form 2 covalent bonds because it has 6 valence electrons and needs 2 more to achieve stable octet.
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What bond type is synonomous with Molecular Substance?
Covalent bond is synonomous with Molecular Substance.
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Define electronegativity.
Electronegativity is defined as an atom's ability to attract electrons in a chemical bond.
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Generally, between what two substances do ionic bonds form?
Ionic bonds form between a metal and a nonmetal.
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Which generally have lower melting points, ionic or covalent substances?
Covalent substances have lower melting points.
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In terms of bonding, on what does the solubility of a substance depend?
Solubility depends on the polarity of a substance.
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What is defined as "an unequal sharing of electrons"?
Polar bond is defined as "an unequal sharing of electrons".
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Using reference table S, if the electronegativity difference between two atoms was 1.5, what type of bond?
EN difference of 1.5 falls in the polar covalent range.
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What is the electronegativity difference for ionic substances?
The electronegativity difference for ionic substances is above 1.7
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In terms of atomic structure, why does oxygen have a greater electronegativity than carbon?
Oxygen has a greater nuclear charge ( # of protons)
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What substances, ionic or covalent, do not break apart when dissolving in water?
Covalent
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What substances, ionic or covalent, are soft and non-conductors of electricity?
Covalent
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