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What are the definitions of anatomy and physiology?
- Anatomy- The study of the shape and structure of an organism. (How does it look?)
- Physiology- The study of the function of a organism's parts. (How does it work?)
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What is the definition of observation?
A skill that involves the senses- sight, hearing, touch, smell, and SOMETIMES taste-to gather information and collect data.
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What is the definition of inference?
An interpretation of an observation that is based on evidence or prior knowledge. (Trying to explain what you have observed.)
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What is the sagittal plane?
The plane that separates the body into left and right.
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What is the frontal plane?
The plane that separates the body into front and back.
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What is the transverse plane?
The plane that divides the body into top and bottom.
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What sub-cavities are in the ventral cavity?
The thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic cavities.
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What sub-cavities are in the dorsal cavity?
The cranial and spinal cavities.
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What are the levels of organization in the body from smallest to largest?
Cells --> Tissue --> Organ --> Organ System --> Organism
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What are the different anatomical terms and what do they mean?
- Anterior/Ventral- front
- Posterior/Dorsal- back
- Superior- above
- Inferior- below
- Medial- middle/midline
- Lateral- sides
- Superficial- near the surface of the body
- Deep- deep in the body
- Proximal- toward the torso
- Distal- away from the torso
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What are the functions of the organ systems of the body?
- Integumentary- protects the underlaying tissue
- Skeletal- moves your body, supports your body, makes new blood, protects your organs, stores minerals
- Muscular-moves your bones
- Cardiovascular-pumps blood through your body
- Respiratory-absorbs oxygen and releases carbon dioxide
- Reproductive- Male: produces and releases sperm Female: Produces eggs and nourishes and shelters the unborn baby
- Nervous- receives and sends out electrical messages throughout the body
- Lymphatic- returns leaked fluids to blood vessels, also helps you get rid of germs that could harm you
- Digestive- breaks down the food you eat into nutrients that can be absorbed into your body
- Endocrine- regulates body functions by sending out chemical messages. the ovaries (female) and testes (males) are a part of this system
- Urinary-removes wastes from the blood and regulates body fluids
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What are the four tissues of the body and what are their functions?
- Epithelial-
- Muscle-
- Connective-
- Nervous-
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What is the definition of homeostasis?
It is when your body tries to maintain a stable internal environment.
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What is a cell?
The smallest living unit of structure and function (Anatomy and Physiology (A&P))
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What is an organelle?
They are very small structures inside the cell that have specific jobs that keep the cell running.
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What's the function (job) of the cell membrane?
It controls what goes in and out of the cell, its like the gatekeeper.
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What's the function (job) of the cytoplasm?
It allows for parts to move around.
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What is cytoplasm?
It is a liquid that fills the rest of the cell between the cell membrane and the nucleus.
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What is the function (job) of the nucleus?
It is in charge of everything that goes on inside the cell. It is like the brain in our body.
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What is the function (job) of the DNA?
The DNA carries instructions for the organelles to do their jobs and for making new cells.
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What is the main difference between plant cells and animal cells?
Plant cells have a cell wall and chloroplasts.
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