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What is motor development?
development of movement abilities
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What is motor learning?
movement changes that are relatively permanent but related to experience or practice
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What is motor control?
nervous system's control of the muscles to permit skilled and coordinated movements
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what is physical growth?
quantitative increase in size or and functional magnitude
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what is maturation?
progress towards physical maturity
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What is aging?
the process of growing older regardless of chronological age
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What are Newell's 3 factors?
individual, environment, and task constraints
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a_______ limits or discourages movement
contraint
also permits or encourages other movements
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Individual contraints include
unique physical and mental characteristics ex. height, limb length, strength, motivation
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________ relate to the individual's body structure
structural constraints
ex. height, weight, muscle mass and leg length
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these constraints relate to behavior function ex. motivation, fear, experiences
functional constraints
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Environmental constraints
world around us, global not task specific
ex. physical or sociocultural
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task constraints
goals of a movement or activity
ex. dribbling while running for b-ball players
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If interested in what behavior is like now and why the behavior is that way. Motor Development or Motor Learning?
both
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If interestedd in what behavior was like before our present observation, and why? Motor Development or Motor Learning?
Motor Learning
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If interested in how the present behavior is going to change in the future, and why. Motor Development or Motor Learning?
Motor Development
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Longitudinal research Study
watch a group of a certain age for the entire length of period (could be years or decades)
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cross-sectional research study
select individuals at chosen points within the age span
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Advantage of cross-sectional research study over longitudinal research study?
researchers can study development in a short time
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Disadvantage of cross-sectional research study over longitudinal research study?
never really observe change, only infer change from age group differences
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a group whose members share a common characteristic, such as age or experience.
cohort
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mixed-longitudinal or sequential research study
several age groups are observed at one time or over a shorter time span
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