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Ageism
Discrimination against people because of increasing age.
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Alzheimer's Disease
One of the four major typs of dementia. Most recognized.
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Delirium
Acute confusional state, potentially reversible cognitive impairment due to a physiological cause.
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Dementia
Generalized impairment of intellectual functioning that interferes with social and occupational functioning.
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Depression
Not normal part of aging. A treatable medical illness.
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Geriatrics
The branch of medicine dealing with the diagnosis and treatment of diseases and problems affecting older adults.
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Gerontic Nursing
A seldom-used term, considers the nursing care of older adults to be the art and practice of nursing.
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Gerontological Nursing
Concerned with assessment of the health and function status of older adults; diagnosis, planning, and implementing health care and services to meet the identified needs; and evaluating the effectiveness of such care.
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Gerontology
The study of all aspects of the aging process and its consequences.
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Nonstochastic Theories
Genetically programmed physiological mechanisms within the body control the process of aging.
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Reality Orientation
A communication technique that makes an older adult more aware of time, place, and person.
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Reminiscence
Recalling the past.
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Stochastic Theories
View aging as the result of random cellular damage that occurs over time.
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Validation Therapy
An alternative approach to communication with a confused older adult.
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Graying of America
- -We are living longer
- -Baby boomers are starting to "gray"
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Categories of Old
- -Young Old=65-74
- -Old Old=75-84
- -Oldest Old or Frail Elderly=85+
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Chronic Illness
Diminishes the wellbeing and threatens the independence of older adults.
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Myths About Aging
- -To be old is to be sick
- -You can't teach an old dog new tricks
- -The secret to successful aging is to choose your parents wisely
- -Older people don't pull their own weight
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Creative Aging
- -Aging as living (adaptation/participation)
- -Aging as education (life-long learning)
- -Aging as art (self expression)
- -Aging as a peak experience (wisdom)
- -Aging as a spiritual journey
- -Aging as a developmental process
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Spirituality
- Purpose and meaning in life.
- -Believe prayer assists with healing.
- -Use religious beliefs as a means of coping.
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Myths About Sexuality
- -Sexual desires diminish with age
- -Mostly due to medication or disease process
- -Sexual intercourse is mainly a younger persons activity for the purpose of procreation
- -Older adults need to touch and be touched.
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Osteoporosis
- Chronic disorder of decreased bone mass that leads to fragility, and incresed risk of fracture, a diminished stature.
- -porous bone
- -bone lost more quickly than replaced.
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Risk Factors for Osteoporosis
Smoking, diet lacking calcium, lack of sun exposure (vitamin D), imbalance of sodium or protein, too much caffeine or alcohol, lack of exercise, female sex, norther European or Asian decent, small lean frame, small bones, family history, early menopause, prolonged amenorrhea, decreased estrogen, impaired eyesight, inadequate physical activity, poor health, steriod use.
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Interventions and Treatment for Osteoporosis
- 1500mg per day of Calcium
- 15 minutes of sun exposure per day for Vitamin D
- Regular weight bearing exercise
- Hormone replacement therapy
- Prevent falls
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Physiological Changes
Loss of skin elasticity, thinning hair, slower nail growth, decreased cough reflex, decreased vital capacity, fewer alveoli, thickening of blood vessel walls, loss of vessel elasticity, decreased cardiac output, increased systolic bp, decreased peristalsis, decrease neurotransmitters, presbyopia, loss of acuity for high-frequency tones, fewer taste buds
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Psychosocial Changes
Retirement, social isolation, sexuality, housing and environment, death
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Health Assessment and Promotion
Participation in health screenings, regular exercise, weight reduction, lowfat balanced diet, regular dental visits, stop smoking, immunizations
Creativity assessment, spiritual assessment, functional assessment
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Nursing Process
- Assessment
- Diagnosing
- Planning
- Implementing
- Evaluating
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Assessment
- Data collecting
- -Review clients chart, interview client, physical assessment, validating data, clustering data, facusing data
- *Client always primary source of data
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Types of Data
- Subjective- Client tells you
- Objective-signs, what you see
- Secondary-Family tells you
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Functional Health Patterns
- 1. Health Perception and Management: Delayed growth and devlopment, risk for injury
- 2. Nutritional and Metabolic: Body temp
- 3. Elimination
- 4. Activity and Exercise
- 5. Sleep and Rest
- 6. Cognitive and Perceptual: Comfort, Confusion, thought process
- 7. Self perception: Anxiety, fear, powerlessness, fatigue, hope
- 8. Role and Relationship: Grieving, social, lonliness
- 9. Sexuality and Reproductive
- 10. Coping and Stress Tolerance
- 11. Value and Belief: Moral, spiritual, religion
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Nursing Diagnosis
- Statement of nursing judgement; a condition that nurses are licensed to treat
- Wellness
- Risk
- Actual
- Promotion of Health
- Syndrome: 2 or 3 diagnoses together
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Etiology
- "Related to" factors
- Factors that cause or contribute to problem
- Directs how problem should be managed
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Planning
- Setting priorities
- Writing goals and outcomes
- Establishing interventions
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Implementing
- -Carrying out plan of care
- -Making independent or dependent interventions
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Types of Nursing Interventions
- -Direct care
- -Teaching
- -Counseling
- -Coordination
- -Collaboration
- -Monitoring
- -Health promotion
- -Disease prevention
- -Health maintenance
- -Restoration
- -Rehabilitation
- -Easing transition of dying
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Group Life Cycle
- 1. Forming-trust-infancy
- 2. Storming-forming judgements and competition-adolescence
- 3. Norming-trust in the abilities of their peers-early adulthood
- 4. Performing- optimal functioning as a team-maturity
- 5. Transforming- end- transfer learning to the next group
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Humor
The quality that makes something laughable or amusing
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Supression
Conscious exclusion of unacceptable desires, thoughts, or memories from the mind
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Repression
The unconscious exclusion of painful impulses, desires, or fears from the conscious mind
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Denial
an unconscious defense mechanism characterized by refusal to acknowledge painful realities, thoughts, or feelings
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Identification
A person's association with or assumption of the qualities, characteristics, or views of another person or group
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Altruism
Unselfish concern for the welfare of others; selflesness
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Sublimation
To divert the expression from its primitive form to one that is considered more socially or culturally acceptable
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Passive
Accepting or submitting without objection or resistance
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Aggressive
Inclined to behave in an actively hostile fashion
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Passive-Aggressive
- Passive listening
- Moves in slow motion when ased to do something
- Purposeful forgetting
- Accidental destruction
- Frequently out of seat
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CARE Frontation
- Clarify-describe the behavior or message
- Articulate-your feelings about the behavior and its effects
- Request-a specific change in behavior
- Encourage- emphasize benefits or changed behavior
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Adaptation
Adjustment of living to other living things and environmental conditions
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Homeostasis
Various physiologic and psychologic mechanisms respond to changes in the internal and external environment to maintain a balanced state
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