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Charles V
grandson of ferdinand and isabella, inherited throne to spain and hapsburg, caused constant warfare, devout catholic, couldn't handle both so he gave hapsburg lands to his brother Ferdinand and Spain to his son Philip
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Philip II
spain, catholic, absolute ruler, divine right, made spain the foremost power in europe, very focused, turned inquisition against protestants, made spanish armanda and lost to english, end of spanish power in europe
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Henry IV
hugenot prince that inherited the french throne, made edict of nantes, laid foundation for royal absolutism, government officials reached into every aspect of french life to improve it
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Richelieu
france, Louis XIII's chief minister, destroyed power of huguenots, tied nobles to king, picked his successor mazarin, extended royal power
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Louis XIV
sun king, france, dealt with the fronde which was an uprising of peasants, nobles, merchants, and urban poor, created strong government, hired intendants, had colbert to increase french economy, built versailles, increased emphasis on monarch, fought a lot of wars, lost a lot of wars, persecuted huguenots, philip V was his successor
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Stuarts
scottish family that took english throne after elizabeth
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James I
first stuart monarch, england, divine right, clashed with parliament, disputes with dissenters, new translation of bible
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Charles I
england, absolutist, signed and ignored the petition of right, dissolved parliament, leader of cavaliers, lost to roundheads, was later executed
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Oliver Cromwell
leader of roundheads, became lord protector of england, not absolutist, puritan religion, ruled like calvin, his death ended england's kingless decade
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Charles II
took over after Cromwell, accepted petition of right
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James II
took over after Charles II, flaunted catholic faith, clashed with parliament, parliament overthrew him by having his puritan daughter and son in law Mary and William come, this bloodless overthrowing is known as the glorious revolution
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Maria Theresa
first woman ruler of Hapsburg, unable to stop Frederick of Prussia from invading Silesia; however, got nobles and clergy to pay taxes and her son Joseph II continued many of her reforms
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Frederick II
prussia, harsh military training, made prussia a great power, became frederick the great
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peter the great
russia,l westernized russia, strengthened military, expanded russian borders, centralized royal power, absolutist, spread serfdom in russia, adopted mercantilist ways, won land along Baltic sea from Sweden, built st petersburg
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catherine the great
russia, absolutis, westernized, reorgapnized provincial government, begain state-sponsored schools for boys and girls, partioned poland with frederick the great and joseph II of austria
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