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Atelectasis
- - Refers to closure or collapse of alveoli and often is described in relation to x-ray findings and clinical signs and symtoms.
- - May be acute or chronic
- - Acute atelectasis- most common, occurs frequenty in post-op setting or in immobilized people who have shallow, monotonous breathing patterns.
- - Observed in patients with chronic airway obstruction that impedes or blocks airflow to area of lung.
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Acute lung injury (ALI)
an umbrella term fro hypoxemic, respiratory failure, ARDS is a severe form of ALI
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Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)
Nonspecific pulmonary response to a variety of pulmonary and non- pulmonary insults to the lung. characterized by interstitial infiltrates, alveolar hemorrhage, atelectasis, decreased compliance, and refractory hypoxemia.
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Abestosis
diffuse lung fibrosis resulting from exposure to asbestos fibers
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Atelectasis
collapse or airless condition of the alveoli caused by hypoventilation, obstruction to the airways or compression
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Central Cyanosis
bluish discoloration of the skinor mucous membranes due to hemoglobin carrying reduced amounts of oxygen
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Consolidation
lung tissue that has become more solid in nature due to cllapse of alveoli or infectious process (pneumonia)
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Cor Pulmonale
"heart of the lungs", enlargement of the right entricle from hypertrophy or dilation or as a secondary response to disorders that affect the lungs
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Empyema
accumulation of purulent material in the pleural space.
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Fine needle aspiration
insertion of a needle through the chest wall to onbtain cells of a mass or tumor, usualy performed under fluoroscopy or chest CT guidance
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Hemoptysis
coughing up of blood form the lower respiratory tract
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Hemothorax
partial or complete collapse of the lung dur to blood accumulating in the pleural space, may occur after surgery or trauma
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Induration
an abnormally hard lesion or reaction, as in a positive tuberculin skin test
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Nosocomial
pertaining to or originating from a hospitalization, not present at the time of hospital admission
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Open Lung Biopsy
biopsy of lung tissue performed through a limited thoracotomy incision
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Orthopnea
shortness of breath when reclining or in the supine position
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Pleural effusion
abnormal accumulation of fluid in the pleural space
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Pleural friction rub
localized grating or creaking sound caused by rubbing toghther of inflammed parietal and visceral pleurae
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Pleural space
area between the parietal and visceral pleurae, a potential space
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Pneumothorax
parital or complete collapse of the lung due to positive pressure in the pleural space
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Pulmonary edema
increase in the amount of extravascular fluid in the lung
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Pulmonary embolism
obstruction of the pulmonary vasculature with an embolus, embolus may be due to blood clot, air bubbles, or fat droplets
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Purulent
consisting of, containing, or discharging pus
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Restrictive lung disease
disease of the lung that causes a decrease in lung volumes
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Tension pneumothorax
pneumothorax characterized by increasing positive pressure in the pleural space with each breath, this is an emergency situation and the positive pressure needs to be decompressed or released immediately.
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Thoracentesis
insertion of a needle into the pleural space to remove fluid that has accumulated and decrease pressure on the lung tissue, may also be used diagnostically to identify potential causes of a pleurla effusion
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Transbronchial
through the bronchial wall, as in transbronchial lung biopsy
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Ventilation-perfusion ratio
the ratio between ventilation and perfusion in the lung, matching of ventilation to perfusion optimizes gas exchange
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