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What is a synovial joint?
Connection between bones seperated by a cavity
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What covers the surfaces of bones in a synovial joint?
Hyaline cartilage
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What is a solid joint?
Connection between bones by connective tissue
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What kind of movement is in a synovial joint?
- Uniaxial
- Biaxial
- Multiaxial
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What kind of joint is the hip joint?
Synovial ball and socket joint
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What takes part in the hip joint?
- Head of the femur
- Acetabalum
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Where does the ligament of the head of the femur go?
From the fovia to the acetabular fossa
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What does the acetabular labrum do?
Deepens acetabalum
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What is the acetabular ligament?
Continuation of the labrum
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What are the relations of the hip joint capsule?
- Superiorly: acetabulum
- Inferiorly: neck of femur
- Anteriorly: intertrochanteric line
- Posteriorly: intertrochanteric crest
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What does the hip joint capsule do?
Pulls femoral head into acetabalum
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What are 4 main ligaments of the hip joint?
- Iliofemoral
- Pubofemoral
- Ischiofemoral
- Ligament of head of femur
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Where does the iliofemoral ligament go?
From AIIS to the intertrochanteric line
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Where does the pubofemoral ligament go?
Pubis to intertrochanteric line
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Where does the ischiofemoral ligament go?
From ischium to greater trochanter
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What is the blood supply to the hip joint?
- Trochanteric anastomosis
- cruciate anastamosis
- small artery of ligamentum teres
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What takes part in the trochanteric anastomoses?
- Ascending branches of medial circumflex femoral
- Ascending branches of lateral circumflex femoral
- Ascending branches inferior gluteal artery
- Descending branches of superior gluteal artery
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Where is the trochanteric anastomoses?
base of femoral neck
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What takes part in the cruciate anastomosis?
- descending branch of inferior gluteal artery
- transverse branches of medial circumflex femorals
- transverse branches of lateral circumflex femorals
- ascending branch of first perforating artery
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Where is the cruciate anastomoses?
lesser trochanter
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What are the movements of the hip joint?
- Flexion
- Extension
- Abduction
- Adduction
- Internal and External rotation
- Circumduction
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Describe movements of the hamstring muscles
- Flexion
- Extension
- Abduction
- Adduction
- Internal and External rotation
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Name the 3 muscles of the posterior compartment of the thigh
- Biceps femoris (2 heads)
- Semimembranousis
- Semitendinosus
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Describe the origin, insertion, action and innervation of biceps femoris.
- Origin: long head- ischial tuberosity short head- lateral lip of linea aspera
- Common insertion: head of fibula
- Action: flexes leg, extends thigh. When knee is flexed, it laterally rotates that joint
- Innervation: Long head: tibial division of sciatic (L5, S1, S2) & Short head: common peroneal division of sciatic (L5, S1, S2)
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Describe the origin, insertion, action and innervation of semitendinosis.
- Origin: ischial tuberosity
- Insertion: proximal tibia
- Action: flexes leg, extends thigh. When knee is flexed, it medially rotates that joint
- Innervation: tibial divison of sciatic (L5, S1, S2)
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Describe the origin, insertion, action and innervation of semimembranosous.
- Origin: ischial tuberosity
- Insertion: medial condyle (of tibia)
- Action: flexes leg, extend thigh. When knee is flexed, it medially rotates that joint
- Innervation: tibial division of Sciatic (L5, S1, S2)
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What are the boundaries of the popliteal fossa
- Boundaries:
- upper medial: semimembranosis/tendinosous
- upper lateral: biceps femoris
- lower medial: medial head of gastrocnemius
- lower lateral: lateral head of gastrocnemius
- floor: capsule of knee joint
- Roof: deep fascia
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What are the contents of the popliteal fossa?
popliteal artery, popliteal vein, tibial nerve, common fibular nerve
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