2_C_Surgeries

On back, feet together

On side, affected side up

On abdomen, arms at side (or up)Can be flat or angled

On back, legs raised and flexed, thighs at right angle to body; exposing perineum

On back, head tilted downward 30 to 40 degrees and the legs angulated downward beneath the knees

Right upper, Right lower, Left upper, Left lower

Skin – protective covering

Subcutaneous tissue – fatty layer under the skin

Anterior fascia – firm connective tissue that covers the anterior aspect of muscles

Muscle – fibrous tissue formed in to sheaths Posterior fascia – firm connective tissue that covers the posterior aspect of muscles

Peritoneum – thin membranous lining of the abdominal cavity beneath the posterior fascia

Any incision into the chest cavity (thorax)Usually intercostals (between ribs)

Vertical, along sternumFor open heart surgery during cardiopulmonary bypass

Used for MIS (minimally invasive surgery) for Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting. USSC’s Mini CABG Access Instruments are designed for this type of incision

Any incision made into the abdominal cavityFor a specific procedure of for exploration

Longitudinally in center of abdomen Along the linea alba, between muscledAccess to all quadrants

Vertical incision, lateral and parallel to midlineUsed for specific procedures ie. Splenectomy

Use for appendectomy(diagonal toward pelvis)

in area of groin (diagonal toward pelvis)for Inguinal herniorraphy

below the ribs (diagonal toward oblique)for gallbladder procedures

curving, transverse incision made above the pubic bone (bikini incision)

used for laparoscopy made along Langer’s Lines (pre-existing folds/creases in umbilicus)vertical or horizontal

removal of part or entire stomach

From abdomen to back, exposing kidney

disease; condition

of patient, can factor into what can and cant be done

something the patient refers; subjective

observable; measurable; can be recorded and compared

symptomological treatment – without diagnosis

prognosis - forecast based on diagnosis

morbidity – complications

mortality – death rate

recurrence – comes back

alleviate symptoms; do not treat problem

takes care of the root cause; symptoms and signs are gone > 5 yrs.

“new case”

flat ligament; connection between muscle and attachment

cause

unknown pathology

any procedure done in two stages

immobile structure (ascending colon, descending colon, duodenum)

mobile; attached by mesentery

more than one source of blood supply to a structure

nerve to diaphragm – controls contraction/inspiration

ring of muscle – contracts to close

an abnormal opening between two structures

“blister” on the visceral pleura

Inspection of cavities via MIS; Uses small incisions

Exploration of abdominal cavity through laparoscope

Optical device that can be inserted to allow for visualization of internal body

Endoscope used in the abdominal/peritoneal cavity

Internal inspection of a pelvic cavity

Inspection of the thoracic cavity

Separates abdominal and thoracic cavity; Aids respiration

In between lungs - Contains heart, pericardium, major vessels, esophagus, trachea and nerves

Membrane covering the lungs

Sac-like structure that surrounds the heart

Airway into lungs

Lining of thoracic cavity

Left and right main stem bronchi; Conducts air from trachea to lungs

Pulmonary Artery, Pulmonary Vein, main stem of bronchus

Divisions off main stem bronchi - 3 right, 2 left

Small branches off lobar bronchus

Small air sacs off bronchioles; Gaseous exchange

Left: Upper and Lower

Right: Upper, Middle, Lower

Transports O₂ (oxygenated) blood from heart to body

Transports deoxygenated blood back to heart

Transports deoxygenated blood from heart to lungs

Transports oxygenated blood from lungs to heart

Pertaining to Lung

positive (+) pressure within the lungs

negative (-) pressure between parietal pleura and visceral pleura

Difficulty breathing

Cessation of breathing

Collapse of lung due to air in pleural cavity

Surgical opening into chest for any procedure

Removal of pie shaped tissue from lung Performed for biopsy

Use Multifire GIA 60 3.5 2x for pie shape

Make sure staples cross over each other

AKA pleural abrasionDry sponge abrade parietal surface for sealing air leaks

Removal of entire lung

Removal of a lobe of lung

Use Multifire TA30-V3, Multifire TA 60-3.5

Mobilize lobar artery, veins, and lobar bronchus

Artery and veins are ligated via TA 30-V3 Rotic

Bronchus is ligated using TA60 – 3.5.

Areas of lung are turned or folded to incur function of lung

Alveolar walls are destroyed leading to loss of elasticity and decreased oxygen exchange.

May be for diagnostic purposes

Use Multifire TA 60

Intercostal incision

Grasp lung with Duval clamp

Stapler is positioned transversely

Fire

Scalpel used to transect specimen

Gastric resection; Removal of part or entire stomach

Surgical creation of an anastomosis between stomach and intestine

Resection of spleen

Radiographic examination of the bile ducts

Removal of a portion of any part of intestine


Followed by anastomosis, ileostomy or colostomy

Use GIA

Removal of all of the colon

Removal of ½ of the colon

Removal of ascending colon and a portion of transverse colon

Removal of descending colon and a portion of transverse colon

Mouth to Anus

35 feet long

Serosa – outer

Submucosa – muscular middle (circular & longitudinal muscles)

Mucosa – inner

Triggers production of HCI

Fundus

Body

Antrum

Folds on inner lining of stomach

Opening of esophagus to stomach

Opening of stomach to duodenum

Junction of duodenum and jejunum

Anatomical landmark

ascending, transverse, descending, sigmoid

Controls evacuation of bowel contents

Opening at end of anal canal

Greatest amount of digestion and absorption

• 3 parts:
• 1. duodenum
• 2. jejunum
• 3. ileum

thin membranous tissue of abdominal cavity

food travels to back of mouth

Attached to cecum

No function

Opening in duodenum through which bile passes

An enlargement in the ducts where the common duct and pancreatic secretions enter the duodenum.

Joins hepatic duct from liver to form common bile duct which empties bile into duodenum through Ampulla of Vater.