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Biology Final

  1. Biology is the study of __________?
    Life
  2. All organism are composed of _________.
    Cells
  3. What is a hypothesis?
    An educated guess/prediction that can be tested
  4. The variable that is measured in an expirement is called the ____________.
    dependent variable
  5. A planned procedure to test a hypothesis is call a(n) ___________.
    expirement
  6. Describe the structurer of an atom/
    The center of an atom has a nucleus.A nucleus the contains protons (+) and nuetrons (0). The nucleus is surronded by electrons (-) that float around in an electron cloud.
  7. Define Polar Molecule.
    A molecule that has an unequal distribution of charge due to an uneven pull of electrons.
  8. All matter is composed of ________.
    atoms
  9. Ionic bonds form between molecules that have ____________________.
    Opposite charges
  10. What is a convalent bond?
    A bond formed when two atoms share a pair of electrons.
  11. Why do oil and water not mix?
    Because oil is nonpolar and water is polar.
  12. What is the pH of an acidic solution? A basic solution?
    • Less than seven
    • More than seven
  13. List the four types of organic compounds and their building blocks.
    • Carbohydrates (monosaccharides)
    • Lipids (3 fatty acids chains bonded to two glycerol molecules)
    • Proteins (amino acids)
    • Nucleotides (nucleic acids)
  14. What element do all organic molecules contain?
    Carbon
  15. What is the form that animals store glucose in?
    glycogen
  16. What type of organic compound are polysaccharides?
    Carbohydrates
  17. What are two types of nucleic acids?
    DNA and RNA
  18. What is a substrate?
    The molecule on which an enzyme acts upon.
  19. What kind of organic compound is an enzyme?
    Protein
  20. How does an enzyme work?
    It's a biological catalyst that reduces the amount of activation energy to perform chemical reactions
  21. T or F : Enzymes are used up during a chemical reaction.
    False
  22. What are the three things that affect the performence of an enzyme.
    • pH Level
    • Enzyme and Substrate Concentration
    • Tempurature
  23. Enzymes are specific, which means?
    They work on one reaction only
  24. Fuzzy images viewed with a microscope may be due to poor ______________.
    resolution
  25. How do you calculate the total magninfication of a microscope?
    Mulitply the magnification of the ocular lens with the objective lens.
  26. As the cell gets bigger, which increases faster the surface area or the volume?
    volume
  27. What is an organelle?
    A structure within a eukaryotic cell that performs a specific function.
  28. What kind of molecule forms a lipid bilayer within a cell membrane?
    • Phosolipids
    • Hydrophobic tails
    • Hydropholic heads
  29. What is the function of the cell membrane?
    • Regulates what enters and leaves the cell
    • Provides protection and support to the cell
  30. What are two differences between active and passive transport? List examples.
    • Active: (1) Requires energy (2) Materials move from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration.
    • Passive: (1) Does not require energy (2) Materials move down the concentration gradient
  31. A cell will shrink in a __________ solution.
    hypertonic
  32. A cell will swell in a _________ solution.
    hypotonic
  33. What is endocytosis?
    The process of taking things into the cell.
  34. What is exocytosis?
    The process of things leaving the cell.
  35. How is energy released from an ATP molecule?
    A molecule is broken off.
  36. Define cellular respiration and photosynthesis.
    • Cellular Respiration: The process of the mitochondrica breaking down glucose to release chemical energy.
    • Photosynthesis: The process of plants using the sun's energy to make help make glucose.
  37. What is the major atmospheric by-product in photosynthesis?
    oxygen
  38. What are NADPH and FADPH?
    Electron carriers
  39. What does the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis require? What is formed?
    • CO2, NADPH, ATP
    • Glucose
  40. What happens during glycolysis?
    • Chemical reactions break glucose down into pyruvic acid.
    • NADPH is made
    • A net profittwo ATP is created
  41. List the three stages of cellular respiration?
    • 1) Glycolysis
    • 2) Citric Acid Cycle (Kreb Cycle)
    • 3) Electron Transport Chain
  42. What is the final electron accecptor in aerobic respiration?
    Oxygen
  43. Water is an end product in ______________________.
    Electron Transport Chain
  44. What happens if oxygen is not present during cellular respiration?
    Fermentation occurs
  45. For each molecule of glucose that is broken down during aerobic respiration, the Krebs cycle produces how many ATP?
    two
  46. What is the point at which two chromatids are attached to each other in a chromosome?
    Centromire
  47. List the stages of the cell cycle IN ORDER.
    G1, Synthesis, G2, Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telephase, and Cytokynesis
  48. What is spindle made of? What is it produced by?
    • microtubular
    • centrioles
  49. Cytokinesis in plant cells involves the formation of a ___________.
    Cell plate
  50. How much energy is lost at each trophic level?
    90%
  51. What three things make up an organisns niche?
    • Behavior
    • Food
    • Abiotic Factors
  52. What biome makes up the central part of the United States?
  53. Grassland
  54. What biome is located on the equator?
    Tropical Rainforest
  55. Animals that feed on plants are at least in the _______ trophic level.
    second
Author
hershey0712
ID
57016
Card Set
Biology Final
Description
Notes for the first semester honors biology final
Updated

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