-
Hip
Close-packed position
full extension, slight IR, abduction
- ligaments & capsule most taut w/....
- iliofemoral-extension
- pubofemoral-extension, abduction,
- ischiofemoral-extension, IR
-
Hip
Loose-packed position
30° flexion, 30° abduction, ER
-
Hip
Max Joint Congruency
90° flexion, moderate abduction, ER
-
Knee
Tibiofemoral Joint
Close-packed position
- full extension with slight ER
- knee is typically hyperextended 5-10° in locked position
-
Knee
Tibiofemoral Joint
Loose-packed position
25° flexion
-
Ankle
Subtalar Joint
Close-packed position
Max supination
-
Ankle
Subtalar Joint
Loose-packed position
Max pronation
-
Ankle
Talocrural Joint
Close-packed position
full (max) dorsiflexion
-
Ankle
Talocrural Joint
Loose-packed position
full plantarflexion
-
Shoulder
Close-packed position
full abduction & ER
-
Shoulder
Loose-packed position
55° abduction, 30° horizontal adduction
-
Elbow
Humero-ulnar joint
close-packed position
full extension
-
Elbow
Humero-ulnar joint
loose-packed position
70-90° flexion
-
Elbow
Humero-radial joint
close-packed position
forearm in 30° flexion, slight pronation
-
Elbow
Humero-radial joint
loose-packed position
70° flexion; 35° supination
-
Proximal Radio-ulna joint
Close-packed position
full pronation/supination
-
Proximal Radio-ulna joint
Loose-packed position
70° flexion; 35° supination
-
Distal Radio-ulna joint
close-packed position
5° supination
-
Distal Radi-ulna joint
loose-packed position
10° supination
-
Wrist
Radiocarpal & Intercarpal Joints
Close-packed position
full extension
-
Wrist
Radiocarpal & Intercarpal Joints
Loose-packed positions
0° wrist extension (wrist neutral)
-
CMC Joint (Thumb)
Close-packed position
full oppostion
-
CMC Joint (Thumb)
Loose-packed position
Nuetral btwn flexion/extension & abduction/adduction
-
MCP
Close-packed position
70° flexion
-
MCP
Loose-packed positon
20° flexion
-
Ground Reaction Force Vectors with Gait
- IC LR MSt TSt PSw
- Hip A A P P P
- Knee A P A A P
- Ankle P P A A A
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