-
Phylogeny
Study of the evolutionary history of and the relationships between organisms.
-
Clade
A group of species that includes an ancestral species and all of its descendents
-
Cladistics
Analysis of how species may be grouped into clades
-
Analogous
Similarities not due to shared ancestors but due to ecological niche
-
Homologous
Similar internal structures due to shared ancestry
-
Describe the major anatomical features that define humans as primates
- 1. Reduced jaw
- 2. Prehensile hands and feet, with nails not claws, have opposable thumbs
- 3. Large brain
- 4. Eyes are close together, facing forward for binocular vision
- 5. Generalized teeth
- 6. Flexible shoulder joint w/ collarbone
- 7. Extended gestation(pregnancy)
- 8. Hand-eye coordination
-
Ardipithecus ramidus
5.8-4.4 mya
- earliest hominid
- found in Africa
- partially bipedal
-
Australopithecus afarensis
3.9-2.5 mya
- ancestor of all later hominids
- found near/in Ethiopia
- long lower jaw, chimp sized brain, long arms, curved fingers, human like teeth, bipedal, short stature
-
Australopithecus africanus
3-2.3 mya
- found in Africa
- brain is 1/3 the size of human's
- lighter build, fully bipedal, straight fingers, flat face
-
Homo habilis
2.4-1.6 mya
- found in Africa
- tool use
- 1/2 the size of a human brain
- earliest homo species
- short stature
-
Homo erectus
1.8mya - 200,000 ya
- first to migrate out of Africa
- brain approaches human size
- better tools, flat & thick skull, smaller teeth
- found in Africa, Asia, Indonesia, and Europe
-
Homo neaderthalensis
150,000 - 30,000 ya
- Found in Europe/Middle East
- tool use, simple burial, large brain, coexisted with humans, lived in cold areas
- not directly related to humans
-
Homo sapiens
200,000ya - present
- large brain
- found everywhere
- smaller teeth, shorter jaw, high skull, adapted for warmth, close pair bonding, males are larger than females
art, symbolic thought, language, continuous cultural evolution, more advanced tools/weapons & hunting techniques
|
|