World History LTM

Highly orginized society

Record of events since people first started writing

large, slow moving masses of snow and ice

Skilled craft worker

what a human group acquires through living together

Five Characteristics of a civilization

the spread of culture from one area to another

old stone age

Middle stone age

New stone age

key to founding a civilization because it provides transportation, irrigation, and fertile soil to name a few

different people perform different tasks

theories about who, what, when before writing

individuals who travel in search of food

four periods of extreme cold weather, most of earth was engulfed in ice

evolutionary masterpieces, first human species well-adapted to survive in cold climates

Shift from food gathering to food production

produce food, demesticate animals, irrigation

Four Great River Valley Civilizations

scientist who sudies skeletal remains in order to determine prehistory

scientits who study manmade objects to determin pre history

manmade objects like art, weapons, and tools

System of writing developed by the Egyptians

Form of goverment headed by a king or queen

professional soldier paid to serve in a foreign army

belief in one god

belief in more than one god

sumerain writing-stylus-clay tablets

a military unit of riders on horses developed by the Assyrians

Best sea traders; alphabet; purple dye

large gropus of people traveling together for safety

important artifact where heiroglyhics were translated

Hebrew most important contribution to Western Civilizations

other name for the ten commandments

city or town and its surrounding land

first five books of the old testament

the process of preserving a body; Egyptians

sumerian temple built in layers

the line of rule passed throught family; founded by the Egyptians, Menes

Tombs of Egyptians

form of goverment that unites different peoples and territories under one rule

this group developed a $$ economy

"great house" "gods" to their people; high preist; general of army; judge; absoulte power

reed plant used as paper

1st recorded female pharoah

Pharoah that died at the age of 16

led the hebrews out of slavery in Egypt

282 laws

first five books of the old testament

cuneiform writing, arch, sewers, ziggurat, numbers

Hammurabi's Code

iron weapons, less brutal code of law

Cruel warriors, calvary, roads, postal services

hanging gardens

efficeint system of ruling an empire

Murex

exchange one good for another

wise leader of the Chaldeans

Pesia's three great leader

Summarian structure, strongest form in building

Inain civilization settled along this river

form of socail caste system organization unique to india

"enlightened one"; founder of Buddhism

sacred to hinduism b/c of food, fuel, power

right views, right speech, & right living are just 3 of the 8 premises for Buddhists

small group like peasants in the overall social stratification of india

Name, in order, the four officail and fifth unoffical classes of india's socail structure

mental and physical discipline body and soul in Hinduism

"perfect peace" n hinduism and Buddhism-strive to attain

refers to the self or essence of the individual in Hinduism and Buddhism

Buddhism; all life contains sorrow and three other premises

important Chinese method of stabiliizing the economy & lifestyle of their civilization; save surplus for drought years

First four chinese dynasty's along the Yellow River

"Chinese Peace" a time of peace and prosperity for China

Chinese philosophy; respect elders gov. be honeset; gov. set example for people; people accept and fulfill societal roles

cynical chinese philosophy; people were inherently selfish; bring conformity w/ punishment and the threat of punishment

Chinese philosophy that was contemplative of the essence of the universe; be quiet, humble, and contemplative

Yin & Yang; dualism in nature; strike a balance within the universe; chinese philosophy

through distance, desert, mountains led the chinese to develope a unique civilization

chinese writing; top to bottom; right to left

four stages of the dynamic cycle

Chinese civilization was founded along this river

Chinese "right to Rule" appointed by god; loses position with natural disaters-sign of god

One of the classic and most important civilization because they had the best ideas and thinkers that shaped Western Civilization

Existed theoretically on the island of Crete-Minotaur, know for Frescoes

4 physical features of a Greek City State

long peoms describing heroes and adventurtes

three characteristics of greek reiligion

military ideal; developed culture around militaristic attitude; didn't contriute to lit., art, etc.

Greek City-state

Three reasons for Greek unity

Three reasons for Greek disunity

author of the Iliad & Odyssey

Paintings on wet plaster walls

stories about the deeds and misdeeds of greek gods

Homers epic about the 10th year of the Trojan War

Direct Democracy; magnificent temples and buildings; emphisized sound body and mind

long series of wars between Greek city-states and Persia

All citizens particiapte in decision making directly; Athens

Concept of governing that the people can and should rule themselves

citizens elect people to make decisions for themselves; United States

a goverment in which all citizens participate

war between Sparta and Athens, cultural Rivaly, athens surrendered to Sparta

greatest leader of Athens for 30 years-Age named after him; democary reached its height;Delian League

Homer's Epic of A journey

Athletic contests held in honor of the gods every four years.

a midpoing between two extremes; nothing in excess, and everything in proportion

study of the most fundamentalquestions of reality and human existance

student of Plato; accomplished scientist and philosopher; Ethics, Poetics, logic

1st regularly paid army- foot soldiers; 16 rows of soldiers with 21 foot spears

three schools of Philiosphy Post-Alex Era

goal-helleninistic Empire; connect East and West; blending best of both cultures; a man of men, educated by aristotle

father of modern medicine; disease comes from natural causes, not punishments for the gods.

peak of cultural activiy in athens during the 400 bc

Republic; aristocracy of intellects; dialogues

Father of History

culture founded on Greek ideas blended with features from other culutres of the Mediterranean

One of histories greates thinkers and teachers; hemlock; "know thyself"; ____ Method

everything could be explained or expressed through numbers

value of Pi

seek pleasure and avoid pain; pleasure-intellectual

world is directed by divine reason; accept fate; indifferent to fear, pain, grief, etc.

seek virtue; scroned pleasure, wealth and social position

Romes and ours; a form of goverment where entitled voters elect representation

Roman commoner

most important military unit of Roman army consisting of 4500-6000 men

River along which Rome was built

Rome vs. Carthage; three phases; Carthage destroyed and Rome victorious

powerful aristocratic class of Rome; gained control of the goverment

legendary founder of Rome

Three reasons why Christianity flourished in Rome in the face of persecution

famous leader of a large slave revolt in Rome

a large and powerful commercial city on the north coast of Africa; Rome Defeated

Christian Roman Emepror; Deathbed conversion

Last of the good emperors; philosopher king; Meditations

Cruel and unpredictable Roman emperor; stared the fire?; commited suicide

Period from the reign of Augustus through the death of marcus Aurelius in Rome

Roman tenant farmer

small elite military force stationed in Rome to protect the emperor

Scholars learned in the scriptures and religious law; Judaism; replace priests

title given to patriarch of Rome; Supreme head of Catholic church

jew; crusified; mission was to connect God to man

the absence of goverment

three reasons why Rome Fell

popular with people; wanted to be supreme ruler; restriced senate; murdereed by conspiritors; Rome

crazy Roman Ruler who appointed his horse as counsel

Smarter that Julius; Supreme ruler of Rome; Manipulated the senate and the masses

terrible Roman Ruler rumored to have murdered his father; killed by an athlete- a hired hit

New capital created by Constantine, today called istanbul

created sevret police for Russia; ruled with murder and terror

Christian missonary brothers; Cyrillic alphabet; conversion of the Slavs

Kieven Ruler who rejected Islam, Western Christianity, and Judaism-liked Byzantine Christianity

Great Byzantine emperor who established Constantinople as the capital of the Byzantine Empire; paved & lighted streets, libraries, churches, homes museums, best medieval city

Cyril and Methodus develpoed this for the illiterate Slavs in order to convert them to Christianity

Russain "ceaser" or emperor

opinion that conflicts with the church doctrine

Byzantine picrute or design fromed by inlaid pieces of glass, stone, or enamel

person who believed that the presence of icons constutied idol worship

offical act the bars a person from church membership or ceremony

byantine picture of Jesus, Mary or the saints

money or goods a wife brings to a marrage

flammable liquid used by Byzantine catherdral built by Justinians

Beautiful Byzantine cathedral built by Justantin

Scandinavians who were traders and Raiders that swept throught Europe

LEader of the MOngols; fierce; Successful

the word Russia derived from this word

Capital of Russia; also known as the third Rome

person learned in the Islamic law and Faith

Muslim Temple

Holy war to defend or spread Islam

Groom's marriage gift to bride

Turkish ruler

foudner of Islam

the one Islamic God

Muslims of Spain

peninsula b/t the persian Gulf and the Red Sea, & home to Islam

Holy city of Muhammad in Arabia

city in Arabia that was Muhammad's refuge and where he first established

battle in France where Franks defeated the Moors

Muslim Pillars of Faith

Muslims who believed that only intercessor b/t belivers and Allah was the Koran

Muslims who belived that a person-imam, spiritual and secular authority-rather that the Koran was the intermediary b/t Allah and believers

Holy book of Islam that presents Muhammad's most important teachings; includes teachings from Bible & Torah

archbishop of Canterbury; took on Henry II regarding transfer of clergy from chruch to royal courts

imported feudalsim from France to England; created a strong central goverment and the doomsday Book

warrior King of Wessex; paid the Danes to leave at firsts, then crushed them militaryily once he had the strength; educated man who established great schools and libraries; claimed absolute supremeacy; all secular or spritual were servants to the church

brought the papal power to its greatees height dominating almost all of Europe; skilled diplomat; best in Church history

crowned "Emperor of the Romans" by Pope Leo III in St. Peter's Rome; united most all of Europe for the first time in almost 400 years

defeated the Moors which halted Muslim advance into Europe

Identify, in order, the four stages of knighthood

code of conduct for knights; civilize the crude, uncouth medieval Nobilities

Name in decending order the the heirarchy of the medieval Church

govermental and militaristic medieval system whereby nobels rule themselves in the absence of a king or centralized gov.;lord; vassal; relationships; justice by ordeal

medieval economic system emadnating from the management of a large estate; domain; serfs and nobles

four problems that plagued the medieval church

mediecal chruch problem involving the buying of a postion

Medieval church problem that describes the extreme wealth of the church

episode in church history where heretics were pruged through torturous confessions and burning at the stake

Church's punishment of an entire region; it involved withholding sacraments

deudal document intended to limit the power and the king and protect nobles rights; U.S. Constitution

Two terms for the period of history between ancient and modern history

church code of law

system of monestaries & convents in which christians withdrew from the world to lead a life of prayer fasting and self-denial

Christian expeditions to regain the Holy Land from the Muslims; Pope Urban II; successful Failures

Three reasons why people would join the crusades

three results of the crusades for the people of Europe

the plague; fleas on rats; killed 1/3 of Europe's population; 75 million worldwide; disrupted every aspect of life

policy of charging intrest on loans

method of production in which work is done at home instead of the factory

an economy in which land, labor and capital are controlled by individuals

workers formed organizations for regulatory purposes

author of the Divine Comedies

Author of the Canterbury Tales

French peasant girl who rallied the French as a nation against the english; burned at the stake by English as heretic

"they who believe in the ingallibility of the pope and openly say so are blasphemers."

The bible is for the goverment of the people, by the people and for the people.

York & Lancaster struggle for the throne; White & Red flowers as the symbols; Lancaster won & married a York; nobles die

The removal of the papacy from Rome, Italy to Avigon, France

a division of the medieval chruch over rivaling political groups

France and English battled over English oppresion of the French; French Rallied and drove the English out

Four Great empires or cultures of the America's-Mexico Peru

Children of the Sun; anesthietics and brain surgery; Americas

Wandering Warriors; dominating Mexico; pyramids, temples, marketplaces, palaces

one of the most advanced cultures; human sacrifice; accurate calendar; immediated disaster-demise

First real Japanese emperor who reigned in the 300s; successors reigned until end of 1945-WWII conclusion

Grandson fierce and most infamous Mongol leaders; lavish summer place-Coolridge

powerful officail who controlled Japanese emperor; major office; controled $$, laws, courts, appointments

warrior landlords in Japan; Bushido-code of honor

every type of climate and terrrain can be found in this region; two of the world's largest river systems here

code of honor for Japanese samurai; similar to chivalry

legendary first emperor of Japan

religious revolt against the authority and certain doctrines of the Roman Catholic Church

a revival or rebirth; 15th century; France, Germany, Holland, & England; renewed interest in learning & classics; artistic & philosophical movement

heart of the Renaissance

ideal renaissance Man

French converts to Calvinism

the principle of doubt; do not belive unless can be proven by experiment or math

Bohemian (Czech) religouis leader who advocated the ideas of Wycliffe; burned at the stae as a heretic

generally, a christian who is not of the roman catholic or eastern orthodox faiths

english philosopher; scientific method

encouraged European peoples to seek material comfort

paved the way for new inventions and set roots for the industrial revolution

material comfort paved the way for this

painter, sculptor, engineer-loading cannon & scaling wall; Last Supper; Mona Lisa

"the end justifies the means"; ethics of goverment

The two classic cultures

concets of the planets and earth; heliocentirc theory; Polish astronomer

literary movement that typified the renaissance spirit; every day human problems; Petrarch, Erasmus, Moore

French protestant; founded Protestant church in Geneva; predstinatino; theocracy

founder of the Jesuits in 1534

German; Roman Catholic; 95 theses; translated Bible to German; excommunicated; established a new religion

Dutch Humanist scholar who attacked church abuses but remained loyal

English priest who condemned the wealth and worldliness of the Catholic Church; denied papal supremacy

Established many protestant sects; shattered Catholic religious unity

English Protestant Reformation; Henry VIII; divorced Kate of Aragon-no male heir

Three reasons for renaissance in Italy

Italian astronomer and physicist; telescope

English chemist; Laws of gases

English mathmatician, astronomer, and physicist-calculus, law of light and color, laws of motion and gravity

Author of Eutopia; the ideal country

Gods plan for who is saved and who is damned

fusion of church and state; clergy control goverment

Calvanism laid the foundation for this religious group

Catholic reform to counteract the spread of Protestantism

Society of Jesus; stressed education-best universites in Euro & US; opposed killing-convert through conversation

mathematical calculations to verify results of experiments

most effective in slowing the spread of Protestantism

French Scientist; mathematician & philosopher-"I think therefore i am"

a new way of thinking; relied on questioning & experimentation

earth at the center of the universe; disputed during Renaissance

theory that the sun was the center of the universe; accepted in Renaissance

caused by Protestant & Catholic conflict, German ruling rivalries, & desire for France, Denmark, & Sweden to weaken the Hapsburgs & the Holy Roman Empire; resulted in the territorial changes for Europe, Dutch & Sweden independence

technological advances amde long explortaions possible

Theory that suggested the world contained a fixed amount of wealth; to increase a share one had to take from another

factors that lead to Europeans to colonize

Second stage of the triangle trade involving the shipment of slaves across the atlantic

believed he could reach Asia quickly by sailing across the Atlantic; discovered islands in the Caribbean that later becameknown as the West Indies; controversail

member of the Poruguese Royal family who founded a school for navigators; wanted to start a crusade in Africa to access Muslim slave trade

led expiditions that completed the circumnavigation of the world-did not make it home because he was killed in the Phillipines

Russian Ruler who wanted to Westernize Russia; made men shave beards & wear Euro. clothes; encouraged women to participate in community; adopted Louis XIV highly centralized governing system

were exploited by the mother country for raw materials and a market for European products

Portugese explorer who sailed around Africa and across the Indian Ocean to India

Portugese explorer who became convineved that the land across the Atlantic was not Asia by a new land; named after it

Spanish explorer who crossed the isthmus of Pnama and claiemd the Pacific for Spain

German Princess who married a Russain; conspiriring with nobles to mruder husband??; her expansion of Russia inot Pland and control of the Black Sea made Russia a force in European power balance

Poetry, flute, philosophy; encouraged industry & ag.; public education; made Prussia a force

became more important than goods because it provided laborers for the colonies to operate large plantations more efficently

System throught which European merchants shipped weapons and liquor to Africa, exchanging them for slaves; were then transported to the americas and sold to plantation owners for produce from the plantations; these products were then shipped to European markets

financed and supported the journey of Christopher Columbus; king and queen of Castile

Venentian taveler; famous for journy from Euro. to China; 17 year stay in the court of Kublai Khan; his writings influenced Clomubus

3 sea dogs that were traders and raiders for England and Elizabeth I

Known as the Seven Year's War in Europe; settled French & British rivalry in North America; British came out on top

Tudor; eldest daughter of Henry VIII; 1st reigning queen of England; Catholica & determined to make England a Catholic nation again; persecuted the Protestants-burned 300@ the stake; unhappy and & unpopular marriage to Phillip II of Spain; childless

Tudor; Daughter of Henry VIII & Anne Boleyn-2nd wife; beheaded; came to the throne-England was a mess; left the throne-England was one of the richest and most powerful in Europe-Golden Age; organized a navy that defeated the Spanish Armada; Never married Childless

while searching fo the Northwest passage, he explored the river in eastern North America and the bay in northern Canada that now bears his name

colonists supported, opposed, and didn't care about the Revolutionary War

The Virgin Queen

Closest heir to Ellie the 1st throne; Catholic; plotted with phillip II men to kill Ellied 1st and seize the throne; Ellie found out and beheaded

King of Spain; husband to Mary I; leader of Counter Reformation; his Spanish Armada was destroyed by Ellie 1st

a fleet of 130 ships sent be Phillip II to England to kick it; were kicked instead

a radical attempt to change the very structure of a country's goverment

parites in conflict for the English Civil War

document outlining the fundamental laws and principles that govern a nation

Prutian Military dictator; New Model Army; Leader of the revolution in England; extended English commerce

1660 Charles II and his rule restored the monarchy in England; end of the English Revolution; end of Cromwell's experiment

kind of republic that Cromwell established in England

the union of England and Scotland; Untied Kingdom; island of two countires; one kingdom

head of goverment established in England; chief minister of the cabinet; real leader of the goverment

wanted to "purify" the Protestant English Church; objected to Catholics; b/c a bitter enemy of the Tudor Monarchy-led a revolution against w/ Cromwell

Three reasons England and Ireland were in conflict

English Philosopher; "social Contract"; absolute monarchy

English Philosopher; "natural Rights"; ruler cannot violate rights-overthrow

Irish-Catholic Guerillas; wanted hereditary monarchy; English political party in Parliment

Presbyterian guerillas; wanted strong Parliament; English political party in Parliament

William and Mary of Orange take the throne; Parliamnet makes James II abdicated & replaces with his daughter and hubby

The Protestant Queen

Supporter of the King during English Revolution; also known as a Royalist

English Civil War; Cromwell, Puritans, & Parliament vs. Charles I Monarchy & the rest; Charles I executed; Cromwell's commonwealth; ends with the Restoration of Charles II

King of England; problems w/ scots, Irish, parliament; surrendered & executed w/ ER; martyred

English Legislature consisting of Two houses-Lords and Commons-like our congress-senate & representatives

Rights to life, liberty, and property

Protection from illegal arrest & false imprisonment

Ministers or heads of governmental departments

Monarchy in which a king or queen occupies the throne but whose powers are limited by a constitution;
English- set examples

Not a single document, but a collection including The Bill of Rights and the Magna Carta; based on tradition

English sea captains who were both traders and pirates

Italian Captain; commissioned by King Henry VII to explore North America; Voyages gave the English a claim to the new world

First Englishman to sail around the world; Sea dog

Set up trading posts at Calcutta and Madras in India; Used force and bribery to exert English influence in trade; became very powerful and wealthy

A water route to India around the Americas to the north and west; English goal

First permanent English settlement in America; located on northeastern coast of North America

Second permanent English settlement in America; located on northeastern coast of North America

1754-17693; decisive conflict that settled British and French rivalry in North America; Treaty of Paris in 1763 confirmed Great Britian's victory in North America and the entire world; GB dominated NA from Atlantic Ocean to Mississippi River and From the Gulf of Mexico to almost the Artic Ocean; "The sun never sets on the British Empire"

coloniest who supported independence; aka Tories

colonists who actively favored independece

July 4

General of the Continental Army; 1st US President

cheif American negotiator w/ British During the War

colonies fought and won their independence from GB with the help of France, Spain, and the Neatherlands

First plan of goverment for the US; one house of Congress; ineffective

principle author of the Declaration of Indepence

Federal System of goverment; three branches of goverment; Bill of Rights

system in which power is devided between the central, or federal goverment and the goverment of the states

branch of goverment that enforces the laws; president

branch of goverment that makes the laws; Congress

branch of goverment that interprest and applies the laws; federal courts

first 10 amendments to the constitution

one of the small towns outside Boston where British first met armed resistance from the colonists

scene of decisive American and French Victory over the british, located on Chesapeake Bay, Virginia

British general of armies against American colonies; forced to yeild at Yorktown; later took position in India

Europeans; 1700s; free exchange of ideas was the lifeblood; philosophers believed they could apply the scientific method & rationalism-reason or logical thinking to explain human nature

THE SOCIAL CONTRACT; popular sovereignty; history repeats itself in a cycle of decay; kind of outside of Enlightenment b/c thought reason brought corruption; advocated simple pastoral state

LETTERS ON ENGLAND; popularized English ideas in France; "I do not agree with a word you say, but defend to the death your right to say it."

less than 1% of French population; clergy of Roman Catholic Church; privilaged & wealth

less than 2% of French population; nobility; thoughless, irresponsible, & wasteful

97% of French population; bourgeoisie, laborers, peasants, artisans, tithad; no say; worked fro the benefit of above classes

instituted to sqelch the threat of the counterrevolution in France; "national razor"; 100 days; Roberspierre; fear & ignorance were motivating factors

"Stroke of State"; Napoleon's method of taking control of France

5'2"; general at the age of 26; required only 2-3 hours of sleep; military genius; took control of France; "Grand Design" for Europe

French monarch; reigned 1774-92; weak; target of French Revolution for taxes & extrabagance; guillotined

Prussia, Great Britian, & the Dutch Netherlands defeated Napolean's Army; Napolean surrendered to British & was exiled & watched under guard until his death

ideals of individual rights; fair rule of law; principles of the American & French Revolutions

activities aimed counter to; or against Revolution

French King who reigned 1643-1715; increased monarchial authority; reign longest in Euro. hostory; France

French revolutionary; doctor from Paris; leader of extreme radical sact of the jacobins; assassinated in his bath

Napolean's first wife who humiliated him w/ extramarital affairs

French King; reigned 1715-74; financial situation worsened; discontent & hatred for monarchy increased; lost Canada & India in Seven Years War

Wife of Louis XVI of France; disliked for extravagance & resistance to reform; convicted of Treason; guillotined

zPersian military leader who extended Presia's boundries to their greatest extent since the times of Darius & Xerxes

English; governor general of India; surrendered @ Yorktown in the Revolutionary War

Polish King who halted the Turks attack @ Vienna

military leader for British East India Company- secured India commercialy over French

manmade Chinese structure built to secure China from invaders like the Mongols

was a chinese symbol of socioeconomic class; women didn't have to work; feet

war b/t the British and Chinese; the British attempted to establish free trade w/ China and began to pay for tea w/ opium

Chinese political Rebellion whose leader claimed to be the younger brother of Jesus; weakened the Qing Dynasty

title give to the cheif ministers of the sultans of the ottomans Empire

Controlled Great Britians trade w/ India; solely interested in trade not colonization @ first

British trained local soldiers in India

Britsih East India Company used cow and pig fat to grease rifle cartridges; offensive English customs imposed on Indians; execution of leading Sepoys; BEIC dissolved; India trade ruled by british goverment

Empress of India

the factors of production that were basic resources necessary during the Industrial Revolution

the start of the Industiral Revolution because they had the resources and the demand

Three inventions that increased the effieciency & spread of industry Communiaction
transportation
production

the use of automatic machinery to increase producition

three pros of the IR

three cons of the IR

improtant class developed w/ IR; bought products if IR; kids educated; moms didn't work

three elements of mass production

an economic pattern of alternating periods of prosperity and decline

lowest point in a business cycle

this law dictates price and wages

the center of the business cycle

every person should be free to go into a ny buisness & operate at the greatest advantage; Adam Smith

population poses greatest challenge to human progress; people multipy more rapidly than supply increase despite natural checks like war, famine, & natural disatster

process of negotiation b/t management and union over wages, working conditions, etc.; contact; fixed amount of time

formed by workers in response to harsh working conditions and poor wages

Prussian born; Communist Manifesto; founder of communism; stages of class struggle in history

objective laws of historical development; people could work together cooperatively w/o being forced to do so

discoverd a processof "curing'' rubber to make it more elastic and usable

devised a method of wieghing atoms

theory that plants and animals developed from common ancestors

founder of genetics

French chemists who investigated radioactivity

theory that stated enery can only be released in fixed amounts

science that deals in inanimate, or nonliving, aspects of nature-astronomy, geology, physics, and chemistry

science dealing with living organisms

process of disintergration in which certain elements can release energy

German physicist who developed the quantum theory

German physicist who discoverd x-rays

English physician who develped the principle of inoculation

process of heating liquids to kill bacteria

theory that stated no particles of matter can move faster than the speed of light

Russian chemist who produced the first workabel classification of the elements; Periodic table of elements

German scientist; revolutionized physics, stating all events occur in four dimensions of space-4th=time; E=MC²

Found that micro-organisms are not spontaneously created; introduced germ theory of disease; pasturization

study of the ways in which inborn characteristics of plants and animals develope by inheritance

develped the Telephone

wireless telegraph

Name three technologies that imporved city life

War and Peace-war portrayed as avast confusion of misery and death; Russian novelist

"Father" of American football

Its genesis came with the IR and overcrowding cities; residential areas on the ouskirts of the city

first to fly in a powered. sustained, controlled flight

inveneted the electric lightbulb & central powerhouse to trasmit electricity

people moving to another land

principles of Sociology; theory of socail Darwinism

study of human relationships in society

were two improvments that increased overall health and well-being

study of human mind-how it works and how it affects behavior

people coming to a country to settle`

survival of fittest; humans in the animal kingdom; contentions conflicted w/ creationism & therefor controversial

Dutch painter who expressed intense emotion

expression of the realities of everyday life in art and literature

movement that appeals to the imagination and sentiment

artistic portrayal of everyday life that is relevant to a specific location

a cicid impression of people and places as they may appear at a glance

Freud's process of revealing and analyzing the unconscious

French sculptor who broke tradition; unfinished quality to statues; show people & scenes as they appear

rivalry among carious sections of a country; plagued the new nation- the United State

two issues that led to the US Civil War

Region extending westward from th Mississippi River to approx. the Rocky Mountains; France sold to US for $15 million

co-organizers of the 1848 women's rights conference in Seneca Falls, New York

person who belives in the abolition of all goverment through force

established professional nurins of the wounded

statement issued by president Monore opposing European Intervention in American affairs

a phrase used by leaders and politicians in the 1840s to explain continental expansion by the US