Physical Science

anything that has mass and takes up space.

a substance that can't be separated or broken.

smallest unit of matter that can exist by itself & retain all chemical properties.

describe how a substance changes into a new substance by combining or breaking apart.

shows how many atoms of each are in a unit of a substance.

characteristics that can be observed without changing the identity of the substance.

change that occurs when one or more substances change into a new substance with different properties.

affects physical properties without changing identity of the substance

smallest unit of an element that maintains the chemical properties of the element

• D = m/v
• V = m/d
• M = d(v)

can be separated by physical changes.

• definite shape, definite volume, vibrate around fixed positions.
• shape changes, definite volume, particles close together.
• shape changes, volume changes, particles compressed.

Because they are all in motion, all particles of matter have kinetic energy.

• solid -> gas
• gas -> liquid
• liquid -> gas
• solid -> gas

• positive, in the nucleus
• no charge, in the nucleus
• negative, energy levels

Number of protons in the nucleus.

protons + neutrons.

• Horizontal, rows
• Vertical, columns

• positive, lose electrons
• negative, gain electrons

shiny; conduct heat and electricity

Dull; poor conductors.

between nonmetals; share electrons.

between metals and non metals; transfer electrons.

formed between positively charged metal ions and the electrons around them.

• Sun, Moon, Earth
• Sun, Earth, Moon

• Terrestrial; few or no moons; Mercury -> Mars
• Gaseous; large, rings, many satellites; Jupiter -> Neptune

Solar system was formed from a cloud of dust and gas.

small body of ice, rock, and cosmic dust that follows an elliptical orbit

• meteoroid that is falling through earths atmosphere.
• meteoroid that survives fall to earth.
• smaller than asteroids; found out in space
• small solar system bodies that orbit the Sun.

distance light travels in a year.

• sphere shape with arms
• sphere shape, no arms
• no definite shape.

object so massive & dense not even light can escape its gravity.

dust & gas located between stars in a galaxy.

planet-like bodies that orbit the Sun

• rock that forms when magma cools, solidifies, & crystallizes.
• rock that forms from other rocks undergoing extreme heat & pressure.
• formed from remains of older rocks; type of rock in which fossils are made.

• when a rock is broken down due to reactions with the environment.
• breaks rock down but does not alter chemical composition.

occur along shifting plate boundaries; caused by rocks breaking.

• produced by earthquakes.
• primary; move faster; originate at focus
• secondary; move slowly; originate at focus
• move along surface; cause most damage; origin at epicenter.

• plates slide over each other.
• area where one plate slides over another.
• two tectonic plates past one another.
• plates slide past one another.

• mild eruptions; largest volcano
• made of alternating layers of ash, cinders & lava; very steep.
• most abundant; violent eruptions

tells relative age of rock; older on bottom; newer on top.

uses radioactive isotopes to assign approximate ago to rocks.

have characteristic chemical composition; occur naturally; have orderly internal structure.

found in sedimentary rock; remains of once-living organisms.

removal & transportation of weathered & non-weathered materials.

process in which material is laid down or deposited as a result of erosion.