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What are the past tense formants in Hungarian?
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Do both of the past tense formants have linking vowels?
- No.
- -t has no linking vowel
-tt has the linking vowels -o, -e, or -ö
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When do you use which formant? How many variations are there?
- There are three variations.
- (A) The long form -tt is used in all persons
- (B) The short form -t is used in all persons
- (C) The short form is used -t in all persons of the indefinite and definite except the 3rd singular indefinite which takes the long -tt.
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What types of verbs belong to the A group?
- Those verbs whose base:
- 1. ends in two consonants,
- 2. ends in ít,
- 3. is monosyllabic and ends in -t.
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What types of verbs belong to the B group?
- Those verbs whose base:
- 1. ends in -l, -r, -n, -ny, -j, -ly
- 2. is disyllabic and ends in -ad, -ed (for the most part)
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What types of verbs belong to the C group?
- Those verbs whose base:
- 1. ends in one consonant where this consonant is not -l, -r, -n, -ny, -j, -ly.
- 2. ends in -t but not -ít or is monosyllabic ending in -t (which are in Group A)
- 3. ends in -d but the base is not disyllabic with -ad, -ed (which are group B).
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What are the endings for the past indefinite?
- -am/-em
- -ál/-él
- zero
- -unk/-ünk
- -atok/-etek
- -ak/-ek
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What are the definite endings for the past tense?
- -am/-em
- -ad/-ed
- -a/-e
- -uk/-ük
- -átok/-étek
- -ák/-ék
-alak/-elek
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What is the indefinite past tense for "to know", "can"? What group does it belong to A, B, or C and why?
- Group C, it ends in one consonant, a -d and the base is not disyllabic
- tudtam
- tudtál
- tudott
- tudtunk
- tudtatok
- tudtak
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What is the definite past tense of "to know", "can"? What group does it belong to and why?
- Group C, it ends in one consonant, a -d and the base is not disyllabic
- tudtam
- tudtad
- tudta
- tudtuk
- tudtátok
- tudták
tudtalak
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