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psychopathology
a disorder of the mind
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etiology
factors that contribute to the development of a disorder
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multiaxial system
the system used in the DSM that provides assessment along five axes describing important mental health factors
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assessment
in psychology, examination of a person's mental state to diagnose possible psychological disorders
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comorbidity
either the presence of one or more disorders (or diseases) in addition to a primary disease or disorder, or the effect of such additional disorders or diseases
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dissociative identity disorder (DID)
the occurrence of two or more distinct identities in the same individual (multi-personality disorder)
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diathesis-stress model
a diagnostic model that proposes that a disorder may develop when an underlying vulnerability is coupled with a precipitating event
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family systems model
a diagnostic model that considers symptoms within an individual as indicating problems within the family
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sociocultural model
a diagnostic model that views psychopathology as the result of the interaction between individuals and their cultures
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cognitive-behavioral approach
a diagnostic model that views psychopathology as the result of learned, maladaptive cognitions
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generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)
a diffuse state of constant anxiety not associated with any specific object or event
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panic disorder
an anxiety disorder characterized by sudden, overwhelming attacks of terror
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agoraphobia
an anxiety disorder marked by fear of being in situations in which escape may be difficult or impossible
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obsessive-compulisve disorder (OCD)
an anxiety disorder characterized by frequent intrusive throughts and compulsive actions
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major depression
a disorder characterized by severe negative moods or a lack of interest in normally pleasurable activities
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dysthymia
a form of depression that is not severe enough to be diagnosed as major depression
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bipolar disorder
a mood disorder characterized by alternating periods of depression and mania
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learned helplessness model
a cognitive model of depression in which people feel unable to control events around them
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schizophrenia
a mental disorder characterized by alterations in perceptions, emotions, thoughts, or consciousness
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positive symptoms
symptoms of schizophrenia, such as delusions and hallucinations, that are excesses in behavior
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negative symptoms
symptoms of schizophrenia marked by deficits in functioning such as apathy, lack of emotion, and slowed speech and movement
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delusions
false personal beliefs based on incorrect inferences about reality
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hallucinations
false sensory perceptions that are experienced without an external source
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loosening of associations
a speech pattern among schizophrenic patients in which their thoughts are disorganized or meaningless
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disorganized behavior
acting in strange or unusual ways, including strange movement of limbs, bizarre speech, and inappropriate self-care, such as failing to dress properly or bathe
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borderline personality disorder
a personality disorder characterized by identity, affective, and impulsive disturbances
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antisocial personality disorder
a personality disorder marked by a lack of empathy and remorse
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autism
a developmental disorder involving deficits in social interaction, impaired communication, and restricted interests
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attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
a disorder characterized by restless, inattentive, and impulsive behaviors
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