history

the wealth landed elite that emerged in the early decades of abbasid rule

"charles the great" caroligian monarch who established substantial empire in france and germany

wanted toland; people who fought in the war that if they died they would go straight to heaven

where serf lived

the social organization created by exchanging grants of lad (fiefs) in return fo rmilitary services

wanted to revieve ancient confucian teaching; stressed imporance of applying philosophical principles to everyday life and action

tried to booost the economy; confucian scholar and chief minister

social organization between landlord and their peasent workers; exchanged labor for rent or land access

peasent agriculural labors within the manorial system of the middle ages

fought to regain the holy land back from the muslims

system of agricultural cultivation; they planted two fields and would leave one open so if could regain its neutrients

king; converted franks to christianity

(benedict of nursia) told monks how to live

invaded england; extended tight feudal system to england; established centralized monarchy; established administrative system based of sheriffs

great character issued by king john; congirmed feudal rights against monarchial claims; represented priniple of mutal limits

tolteederty, feathered serpant; adoped by aztects as a major god

aztec tribial patron god; central figure of cult of human sacrifice and warfare; identified with old son of god

religious leader and reformer of the toltecs; dedicated to go quetzalcoatl; after losing struggle for power, went into exile in the yucatan peninsula

leading aztec king of the 15th century

member of prominent northern chinese family during period of 6 dynastys, proclamed himself emperor, supported by nomadic people of northern chine; established sui dynasty

2nd member of sui dynasty; murdered his father to gain throne, restored confucian examination system; responsible for consturction of chinese canal system; assassinate in 618

(duke of tang) minister for yangdi; took over empire following assassination of yangi; 1st empire of tang dynasty; took imperial title of gaozu

title given to students who passed the most difficult chinese examination of all of hinese literature; became immediate dignitaries and eligible for high office

emphasized salvationisty aspects of chinese buddhism; popular among masses of chinese society

known as zen in japan; stressed meditation and appreciation of natural and artistic beauty; popular with members of elite chinese society

killed her husband so her son could take over the throne

chinese emperor of tang dynasty who openly persecuted buddhism by destroying monasteries in 840s; reduced influence of chinese buddhism in favor of confucian ideology