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Protist Features
- *can be one/many celled
- *live in moist/wet surroundings
- *are eukaryotic - have membrane bound nucleus
- *can be producers, consumers, or both
- *reproduce sexually(meiosis) or asexually(cell division - mitosis, regeneration)
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Fungus Features
- *are eukaryotic
- *mostly many celled
- *have a cell wall
- *are saprophytes
***a consumer with a cell wall
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Three Main Parts of a Fungus
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Mycelium
*a tangled network of hyphae
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Four Types of Protozoans
- *ciliates
- *flagellates
- *sporozoans
- *sarcodines
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Algal Protists
- *plant like(producers)
- *have chlorophyll
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Fungal Protists
- *[ex]slime mold, water mold, downy mildew
- *are decomposers--decay
- *can cause disease(Irish Potato Famine)
- *reproduce using spores
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Six Types of Algal Protists
- *Diatoms
- *Dinoflagellates
- *Euglena
- *Red Algae
- *Green Algae
- *Brown Algae
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Green Algae
- *over 7000 species
- *[ex]spyrogyra
- *most closely related protist to plant kingdom
- *one or many celled "seaweed"
- *grows near surface of water
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Dinoflagellates
- *two flagella
- *AKA "spinning flagellates"
- *nicknamed "fire algae"
- *cause "red tides"
- -rapidly growing dinoflagellates that produce a toxin that will harm ocean life
- -caused by increased water temperature and decreased freshwater supply
- *live in salt water
- *major part of ocean food--plankton
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Ciliates
- *[ex]paramecium
- *have cilia--short, tiny hairs
- *feed on bacteria
- *have two nuclei
- -macronucleus(digestion, oxygen)
- -micronucleus(reproduction)
- *have oral groove
- -acts like mouth
- -funnels food into organism
- *have food vacuole
- -digests food using enzymes
- *have contractile vacuole
- -pumps out excess water
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Red Algae
- *many celled "seaweed"
- *grows in deep water--200m(600ft)
- *food source in pudding, ice cream, salad dressing
- -adds texture
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Sporozoans
- *are parasites
- *cause malaria
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Sarcodines
- *[ex]amoeba
- *no definite shape
- *have pseudopods--means "false feet"
- -extensions of cytoplasm
- *have contractile vacuole
- *have food vacuole
- *cause disease--amebic dysentery
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Three Groups of Protists
- *Algal Protists
- *Protozoans
- *Fungal Protists
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Hyphae
- *thread-like hyphae
- [F]*absorbs and digests food
- [F]*supports spores
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Spores
- *form inside hyphae
- *seed-like, but NOT seeds
- *asexual form of reproduction
- *waterproof reproductive cell
- [F]*helps determine class of fungi
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Euglena
- *no cell wall(one celled)
- *have a flagellum--to move, get food
- *have an eyespot
- -light sensitive structure used to help find food sources for photosynthesis
- *can become a consumer if photosynthesis is not producing much energy--will eat bacteria
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Diatoms
- *AKA "golden algae"
- *live in large population numbers
- *found in fresh and salt water
- *have a two part, clear, glassy shell
- -made from silica material
- --same contents in sand
- *"sparkle" from diatoms is used in road paint, filters, insulators
- *shells leave fossil evidence
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Brown Algae
- *grows in cool saltwater about 50m deep
- *many celled--grows long length
- *as a food source--contains a gelatin in ice cream, but also in hand lotion, tires(smoothing agent)
- *[ex]kelp
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Lichens
- Made up of:
- *Fungus
- -consumers
- -absorb water, nutrients
- *Green Algae(Protist)
- -producers
- -provide food(energy)
- *live by commensalism--two organisms depending on eachother for survival
- *[ex]mycorrhizae
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Protozoans
*animal-like protists(consumers)
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Mycorrhizae
- *hyphae from fungus and plant roots interact
- *fungus helps plants absorb nutrients from soil
- *plant roots give fungus a food supply
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Four Types of Fungus
- *sporangia
- *ascus
- *basidium
- *imperfect fungi
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Imperfect Fungi
- *no sexual stage of reproduction
- *[ex]penicillin, athlete's foot, mildew, ringworm
- *when reproduction begins, it turns into one of the first three groups
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Sporangia
- *round, black spore cases
- *[ex]bread mold
*AKA zygote
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Basidium
- *club shaped spore cases
- *[ex]mushrooms
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Ascus
- *sac-like spores
- *[ex]molds, yeast
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Flagellates
- *1-25 flagella
- *live in freshwater colonies
- *can be parasites
- -live inside termites and produce enzymes that break down wood
- -can cause disease--African sleeping sickness
- *has resemblance to animal sponges
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Budding
- *a new organism grows off parent
- *a form of asexual reproduction
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Use for Lichens
- *erosion of large rocks to make soil
- *prevent water erosion(absorbs)
- *helps monitor pollution
- *food source(wildlife, etc.
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