-
The reason of formation of belmont report was:
Protection of human right subjects of biomedical research
-
The purpose of the belmont report is to:
- ID the basic ethical principles
- Develop guidlines
-
The 3 principles of the belmont report are:
- Respect for others ( informed consent)
- Justice ( fair distribution)
- Beneficience ( Do no harm, increase benefit)
-
What is research?
Test hypothesis and develope generalized knowledge, it is required to be reviewed.
-
Practice is:
Interventions that are intended to increase individual well being and reasonable expectation of success
-
When is research and practice done together?
When it is needed to evaluate efficacy of therapy
-
What does respect for others entail?
- People are autonomous and can make their own decision
- People with diminished autonomy are entitled to protection
- ***Informed consent ( Process)
-
What are the three categories of informed consent?
- Comprehension
- Information
- Voluntary ( consent free of coercion, undue influence)
-
Incompelete disclousure is only justified when:
- it is necessary to accomplish research goals
- there are no undisclose risks that are more than minimal
- there are adequate plans for debriefing
-
Comprehension can be comprimised when:
- document is legal
- language/ cultural issues
- presenting information to quickly
- no opportunity for questions
-
Undue influance means:
improper incentives and reward for participation
-
The two characters of risk are:
-
What are types of risk:
- Psychological
- Physical
- Legal
- Social
- Economic
-
After Tuskegee there was a settlement in 1973 what did it include:
- Life time medical benefits
- Extend it to families
- Widow , children and grandchildren still get benefit
-
Health locus of control was developed based on :
Rotter locus of control concept.
-
Expectancy life value theory states that:
People learn expectancy through reinforcement . Behavior result in an outcome. The higher the value of behavior higher enclanation to engage in the behavior.
-
Internal locus of control:
- Outcome results of one's actions
- These people are more likely to engage in health behavior
-
External locus of control:
Outcome is result of chance, luck or powerful others
-
Health locus of control began as :
Unidimensional construct ( Internal- external)
-
Multidimensional health locus of control is :
- Internal
- External chance
- External power of others
-
The advantages of MHLC include:
- Multidimensional ( better able to predict health behavior)
- Parrallel forms
- Better reliability
- Developed with real people
-
What are the 2 dimensions of SHLC:
- Active ( Higher powers , empower people to take care of themselves)
- Passive ( because of beliefes people don't feel they need to take care of themselves)
-
What was the method used in gathering data for SLC:
self administered questionnare
-
What was the characteristic of the sample:
- African. American woman
- Church going
- Educated
- Middle age
- Middle SES
- *** AA Church going and income was limitation to this sample
-
What were the factors included in the SHLC:
-
Attitude is:
General enduring +/- feelings about person, subject or issue
-
Belief are:
Ideas and actions
-
Functions of attitude are:
- Ego defensive ( protect one self)
- Value expressive ( express values)
- Knowledge ( understand)
- Utilitarian ( avoid punishment)
-
The two points of the centeral route are:
-
Centeral route:
- Consider argument
- Issue relevant
- Thought/ processing
- Used when issue is important
-
Peripheral:
- Issue is not as important
- Attitue change when cue goes away
-
Where High argument quality is important:
peripheral cues are less important
-
What does socioecological model entail:
Change is public health does not happen in one level
-
What are the levels of SEM?
- Individual level ( change in attitude/ beliefs)
- Interpersonal ( impact on health due to relationships)
- Community ( impact on health due to community, social environment)
- Social level ( impact to health due to macro level factors)
-
What are the interventions that can be done for each of the categories:
Intrapersonal
Interpersonal
Community
Social level
- change attitude and behavior
- peer education, community health advisor, partner education
- impact climate, process, policy in these environment , social norms and marketing campagins
- collaborations, partners,promote social norms, policy, law
-
American's do not reach the guidlines of physical activity in:
- Intensity
- Frequancy
- Duration
-
Inactivity rate is lower in:
- Lower SES
- Older
- Woman
- Minority
-
Intrapersonal resources:
- SES
- Education
- Knowledge
- Motivation
-
Interpersonal resources:
- Social support
- Social norms
-
Community resources:
- Safe and affordable facilities
- Design of heighborhoods
- Safety
- Community capacity
-
Societal resources:
- Partnership
- Policy
- Cost
- Utilization of work place
-
Limitation of socioecological model is :
- Hard to design
- Hard to test
- Lack of capacity
-
Transtheoratical model is :
Stages of change
-
TTM is developed out of : ( Intrapersonal theory)
Addiction behavior smoking
-
Behavioral change is a :
Proccess
-
Stages of change are:
- 1.Precontemplation
- 2.Contemplation
- 3.Prepration
- 4.Action
- 5.Maintnance
-
What are the educational strategies for steps 1/5
- 1. increase awareness
- 2. motivate them, encourage specific plans
- 3. help them develop action plans
- 4. help them with feedback, social support
- 5. help them with coping and avoid relapse
-
Social cognetive theory is a ... theory:
Interpersonal
-
Recipricol determinisim :
Interaction of person, behavior and environment
-
Environment :
Factors that can impact person's behavior ( social/physical)
-
Situation is :
one's perception of place, time and physical features
-
Expectation:
Anticipated outcome of behavior
-
Self efficacy:
Confidance in ability to perform behavior
-
Behavioral capacity:
knowledge and skill to perform behavior
-
Driving to far distance :
Environment
-
Classes in healthy cooking:
skills and behavioral capacity
-
Learn how healthy diet benefits:
Expectation
-
Setting goals:
self efficacy
-
Some members serve as role models:
Observational learning
-
Members recieve incentive:
Reinforcement
-
Members learn about healthy life style:
Recipricol determinism
-
The difference between TPB and TRA is the
PBC
-
Mean level predictor variable is used when :
there is no room change to another
-
Relative weights:
If one more is important then other , target that important one
|
|
