-
What is the difference between emotional expression and experience?
- Emotional expression: showing a feeling (ie. Laughing, crying)
- Emotional experience: feeling a certain feeling (ie. Happy, sad)
-
Describe the James-Lange Theory of Emotion, in which the experience of emotion is a response to physiological changes in the body. Give an example of how this would work. Draw a diagram including the sensory stimulus, physiological changes in the body (expression of emotion) and emotional experience.
- Theory: Brain takes in information about the current situation, sense out signals that cause physiological changes, sensory system reacts to physical changes or sensation emotion.
- Example: You smile and then you feel happy
- Diagram: Stimulus? stimulus perceived? emotional expression? emotional expression
-
Describe the Cannon-Bard Theory of Emotion the same way that you did for the James-Lange Theory.
- Theory: Emotional expression is independent of emotional experience, emotions produced when signals reach the thalamus, before physiological changes
- Example: You feel happy and then you smile.
- Diagram: Stimulus? stimulus perceived? emotional experience? emotional expression
-
Know the differences between the two theories.
- James-Lange: emotional response follows emotional expression
- Cannon-Bard: emotional expression follows emotional response
-
What is the evidence supporting and against each theory?
- Cannon support:
- �Transection of spinal cord eliminated physical response but not emotional response
- more than one emotion can be associated with the same physical response
- James-Lange support:
- �Interoceptive awareness- The awareness of our body�s autonomic function/physiological state
- �fear and rage have been shown to be associated with distinguished physiological responses even though both involve ANS.
- James-Lange against:
- �Transection of spinal cord eliminated physical response but not emotional response
- Cannon Against:
- �unconscious emotions: sensory input can have emotional effects without being aware of stimuli
-
Which theory does "Unconsious Emotion" support?
James-Lange
-
How is Unconscious Emotion revealed? (How is it studied in the lab)
Experiment: showing angry face quickly and then a happy face, but people still showed physical rections even though they don�t recall angry face.
-
Which brain regions are involved in Broca's Limbic Lobe?
Hippocampus, The cortex around the corpus callosum, cingulate gyrus, cortex around the medial surface of the temporal lobe.
-
a-Which brain regions are involved in the Papez Circuit? b-What are the anatomical connections among these regions? c-What does each region do, with respect to processing emotion? d-What is the fornix?
- a- 1) Cingulate cortex, 2) hippocampus-fornix 4) hypothalamus 5) anterior thalamus 6)neocortex
- b-neocortex-bidirectional connection to cingulate cortex. cingulate cortex projects to the hippocampus, hippocampus projects to the hypothalamus by way of bundle of axons called fornix. Hypothalamic effects reach cortex via a relay in the anterior thalamic nuclei.
- c- Cingulate cortex: emotional experience
- hippocampus: emotional experience
- neocortex: emotional coloring-fine tuning/enriching emotional experience
- hypothalamus: emotional expression
- anterior thalamus: emotional experience and emotional expression
- d-bundle of axons that connect hippocampus to hypothalamus
-
What are the criticisms of a SINGLE emotional system concept?
- Conceptual reason: diversity of emotion- unlikely just one system and not several systems
- Structural reasons: hippocampus is not only involved in emotion; not a one to one relationship between structure and function
-
What does the Kluver-Bucy syndrome tell us about where in the brain emotions are processed?
Temporal lobes play a part in aggressive tendencies and responses to fearful situations.
-
What are the inputs and outputs (projections) of the amygdala?
- Inputs: cortex, cingulate gyrus, hippocampus, all sensory systems
- Outputs: hypothalamus
-
What happens when the amygdala is removed or damaged?
- Impaired recognition of emotional expressions-inability to recognize fear in facial expression
- Deficits associated with fear, anger, sadness, disgust
-
What happens when the amygdala is stimulated?
- Increased vigilance or attention (fearful state, humans)
- Increased expression of fear and aggression (cats)
-
Is the emotion of fear learned or innate? Describe examples to support your answer.
Learned; lesion in amygdala gets rid of fear response
-
What are two types of aggression and how are they expressed?
- Predatory aggression: attacks against different species for food
- Affective aggression: used for show, not for food
-
What is the evidence that the amydgala is related to aggression?
Bilateral amygdala lesion in monkeys alters dominance hierarchy�aggressive behavior is related to dominance; Amygdala can be removed to reduce human aggression
-
What other brain region contributes to processing/experiencing aggression? What is the evidence for this?
- Hypothalamus
- specific lesions in posterior hypothalamus--> decreased fear and aggression behaviors; sham rage (decreased NE) reversed by small lesion in hypothalamus
-
What is the evidence supporting a role for serotonin in processing/experiencing aggression?
Experiment: induced aggression in rodents
|
|
