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State origin, insertion, nerve supply and action of:
External Oblique Muscle
- Origin: external surface of lower 8 ribs
- Insertion: xiphoid process, linea alba, iliac crests, inguinal ligaments, pubic tubercle
- Nerve supply: lower six thoracic nerves, ileohypogastric and ileoinguinal (L1)
- Action: flexion and rotation of trunk
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State origin, insertion, nerve supply and action of:
Internal Oblique Muscle
- Origin: lateral part of inguinal ligament, ileac crest, lumber fascia
- Insertion: xiphoid process, linea alba, symphysis pubis, and lower 3 ribs
- Nerve supply: lower six thoracic nerves, ileohypogastric and ileoinguinal (L1)
- Action: flexion and rotation of trunk
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Describe the the three layers of the skin
epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis
- Epidermis: stratified squamous
- Dermis: is dense connective tissue
- Hypodermis: loose aereolar connective tissue
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Describe the superficial fascia
- upper abdomen: single layer of fatty connective tissue
- lower abdomen: divided into two:
- 1: superficial fatty layer (camper's fascia)
- 2: deep membranous layer (scarpa's fascia)
- *scarpa fascia fuses with fascia latta in the thigh
- Fascia latta: the deep connective tissue of the thigh
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Important dermatomes
- T4: Supplies the nipples.
- T7: Supplies the xiphoid process.
- T10: Supplies the umbilicus.
- T12: Supplies the iguinal region.
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Describe venous drainage of anterior abdominal wall
- Veins radiate out from umbilicus
- Drain into lateral thoracic veins above (which drain into axillary veins)
- Drain into superficial epigastric vein and great saphenous vein below (which drain into femoral vein)
- Para-umbilical vein: connect the umbilicus to the portal vein. form a Portal-systemic anastomosis
- Clinical significance: enlarge if the portal vein is obstructed
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Discuss the development of the inguinal canal
- Formed by the processes vaginalus
- passes through the layers of the lower part of the anterior abdominal wall
- It acquires a covering from each layer.
- These three coverings are:
- From the transversalice fascia - internal spermatic fascia
- From the internal obliques - cremastaric fascia
- From the external obliques - external spermatic fascia
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Describe the deep inguinal ring
- Oval opening in the transversalice fascia
- located half inch above mid-inguinal-point
- It forms origin of the internal spermatic fascia.
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State the boundaries of the inguinal canal
- Anterior: They are external oblique and laterally internal obliques.
- Posterior: A transversealice fascia and medially the conjoint tendon.
- Floor: Iguinal ligament and medially lucinar ligament.
- Roof: Internal oblique and transversus abdominus.
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Describe the superfiscial inguinal ring
A triangular defect in the external oblique aponeurosis, located just above and medial to the pubic tubercal, forms the origin of the external spermatic fascia.
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What is the function of the inguinal canal? How long is it?
- carries spermatic cord in males
- carries round ligament of uterus in females,
- Carries the ileo-inguinal nerve in both
- 1.5 inches long.
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Describe the lymph drainage of abdominal wall
- Superficial lymph drainage:
- Above umbilicus: Anterior axillary nodes
- Below umbilicus: Superficial inguinal nodes
- Deep Lymph Drainage:
- External ileac nodes, internal thoracic nodes, media-stinal nodes and para-aortic nodes.
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State origin, insertion, nerve supply and action of: Transversus Abdominus
- Origin: lower six ribs, lumbar fascia, iliac crest and the lateral part of the inguinal ligament
- Insertion: linea alba
- Nerve supply: lower six thoracic nerves, ileohypogastric and ileoinguinal (L1)
- Action: flexion and rotation of trunk
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