A high-frequency tone would be expected to produce a maximal bending of ___ and arrest the ___.
basilar membrane; oval window
Our capacity to detect whether a high-frequency sound come from the left or right reflects an analysis of:
Differences in loudness in each ear.
The utricle and saccule are components of the:
vestibular sacs
The activation of hair cells within the semicircular canals is the product of:
movement of the cupula
The activation of hair cells within the vestibular sacs is the product of:
movement of the otoconia and gelatinous mass
The somatosenses include all but:
The hair cells within the cochlea
In the visual system
In the visual system, the reduction in cGMP:
causes Na+ channels to close which leads to hyperpolarization
In the auditory system, the influx of K+ causes:
depolarization
The function of the nociceptor is to detect:
cold
Sodium channels on some taste receptors play a key role in the perception of taste of:
acids
umami
salts
sugars
salts
Which are true?
Salt-sensitive taste cells have Na+ channels embedded in the membrane that allow for the influx of extracellular Na+
Sourness can be detected because of H+ influx
Sourness can be detected b/c H+ blockage of K+ channels
All of them are true
True or False:
Each hemisphere receives information from one ear.
True
True or False:
The most medial portion of the auditory cortex gets information from the apical end of the basilar membrane
True
True or False:
The auditory cortex has a tonotopic organization.
True
True or False:
Auditory association cortex is located in the frontal lobe.
True
The fact that adjacent regions of the basilar membrane and of the primary auditory cortex appear to respond best to different sound ____ can be displayed as a ____ map.
frequencies; tonotopic
The dorsal auditory stream terminates in the ____ and is involved in ____.
posterior parietal cortex; sound localization
Low-frequency sound produces maximal distortion of the basilar membrane at which area?
At the apical end of the membrane.
A complex cell located within the striate cortex would be most activated by a:
A live moving perpendicular to its orientation.
In thinking of the pathways taken by visual information within the association cortex, the dorsal stream projects to the ____ and is involved in ____.
parietal association cortex; the analysis of where an object is located in space.
In thinking of pathways taken by visual information within the association cortex, the ventral stream projects to the ____ and is involved in ____.
inferior temporal cortex; deciding on the "what" of an object
Adjacent cilia on a hair cell are joined together by what?
Tip links
The opening and closing of ion channels within the hair cell cilia reflect what?
Reflect tension exerted by the tip links on the insertional plaques.
What type of information does the dorsal column-medial lemniscal pathway carry?
Touch and proprioception
At what point do the axons of the dorsal column-medial lemniscal pathway cross to the opposite side of the CNS?
The axons from the cells of the dorsal column nuclei decussate in the medulla.
The distortion of the sensory homunculus relfects what quality of the somatic sensory cortical organization?
The relative size of the cortex that is devoted to each body part is correlated with the density of the sensory input received from that part.
To which stimuli do the majority of nociceptors respond?
Mechanical
Thermal
Chemical
All of the above
Primary sensory afferent axons have widely varying diameters and their size correlates with the type of receptor to which they are attached. Which axons are the smallest and the slowest?
temperature, pain, and itch
True or False:
Each layer of the LGN receives information from both eyes.
False
True or False:
The cell bodies of the inner two layers of the LGN are termed magnocellular and are larger than those of the outer four layers which are termed parvocellular.
True
Which of the following is a region of sensory surface that, when stimulated, changes the membrane potential of a neuron?
Receptive field
Retinotopy
Retinal Ganglion cells
LGN Neurons
Receptive Field
Which ganglion cell axons cross to the opposite side of the brain at the optic chiasm?
Axons from the nasal retina
Why is movement at the oval window accompanied by a complementary motion at the round window?
Incompressible fluid in the cochlea
What role does the sensory motor cortex play in maintaining our perception of equilibrium and the execution of complex, coordinated movements?
Maintaining a representation of body position and orientation in space.
Which of the following is a brain mechanism for encoding sound intensity?
Number of active neurons
Firing rates of auditory neurons
# of active neurons and firing rates of auditory neurons
# of active neurons and firing rates of auditory neurons
Which of the following contains auditory receptor neurons?
Tectorial membrane
Reissner's membrane
Helicotrema
Organ of Corti
Organ of Corti
What is two-point discrimination?
The smallest distance between two points that can be differentiated by the somatic sensory system
What mechanism(s) does the brain use to distinguish between smells?
Olfactory map
Temporal code
Population code
All of the above
All of the above
Which cranial nerve(s) carry taste information from the taste buds to the brain?
Facial nerve, Glossopharyngeal nerve, vagus nerve
Why does the fovea appear like a pit in the retinal cross-section?
Because of the lateral displacement of cells above the photoreceptors.
What is the photoreceptor "dark current"?
The movement of positive current across the photoreceptor membrane in the dark.
