BEAM

• Council of neighborhoods association.
• They oversee all neighborhood associations within Springfield, as well as making improvements in various neighborhoods within Springfield.

central govt in metropolitan area that takes care of most aspects in regards to things like sewage and zoning.

the proliferation of local governmental units in a geographic region. 1. incorporated communities 2.the sprescing of many special districts such as water, sewer, fire, and economic development districts. 3. overlapping of city/county functions. 4. extension of cross--state boundaries in certain metro areas.

argue to leave the fragmentation alone... main argument deals with public choice, meaning that tax payers can chose which district they can pay taxes in and which authorities and schools they can send their kids to and listen to

argue against fragmentation. Main argument is to abolish fragmentation and establish one large regional government.

cities that are surrounded by suburbs and many local govts. ex. ohio

cities that are in metropolitan areas that contain one central govt. ex. Alburquerque New Mexico

comprenhensive economic developmen agreement... dealt with the win win annexation presented by rusk to springfield... resulted in better cooperation between townships and the city, better revenue, zoning control, and economic development.

• Citizen Action: activities initiated by citizens to influene governing decisions.
• Citizen Involvement: Activities initiated and controlled by govt.
• Citizen action gives normal people more decision making concerning govt decision than citizen involvement.

the legal merging of a territory into a legal body... an example of annexation is through row officers....

Synonomous for two tier govt. example: Miami Dade county.... the city has power of zoning and planning while the county has the responsibility of libraries and transportation.

govt takes care of sewage for example while cities take care of zoning and planning.

The idea of a Development of the 3 health districts in city of Springfield and Clark County to be included into the same category as cooperating with one another. Arguments for this include the way individuals are treated in each health district as well as the difference of prices when individuals visit the health districts.

the idea that causes of race, sprawl, and poverty pull safer neighborhoods, better schools, raising home values, and lowing of taxes by pulling families into newer surburban neighborhoods....

through this, rusk and springfield were able to pull together springfield and springfield township under the same agreement of laws and taxes.... this resulted in better cooperation between the two as well as better zoning and economic development

argument against consolidation and for fragmentation... individuals can have the choice of what district to be taxed by, what school to go to, etc.

created federally funded resources outside of city halls... resulted in more resources for funding for lower income people.

strengthens the way in how urban countys are ran by keeping officials in the same hierarchal level(row)... this keeps everyone equal and gets rid of individual elected officials that are more important than other officials... ex: Akron and its city council that is a row officer structure.

congress selected a few cities as pilot programs that funded development through city halls....congress switched to widespread citizen participation within the city halls.... Columbus, Ohio is a city that follows this

• inclusionary zoning= mt laurel, Connecticut.... homes were only to be 1/2 acre zones....
• exclusionary zoning: is when their are zoning rules that may keep certain groups of people out of the desired housing area based on their ethnicity or income... example: a country club

populist, pluralist, competitive, planned

• Pros: redistribution of resources, reduces confusion, creates greater accountability from govt officials
• cons: redistribution of resources(taxes being paid to something youre not interested in, public choice, more fragmentation= more choice.
• City example: Miami-Dade County as a two tier govt...

• theoretical framework: Rational choice theory-- problem of collective action in poor neighborhoods. There are also incentives for people to not do something unless if they gain something from it.
• People become involved in neighborhood organizations because of views like these... they do it for the right reasons and they really do care about their environment.

Springfield Community Redevelopment Corporation-- created by members of South Fountain to attain the goal of fully preserving their historic neighborhood.

ability to sleep at night, pride in ones community, support from members in the community, making acquantances with people within the community and becoming friends like much of South Fountain.