Radiology

when x-rays strike pt tissues ______ results

true or false. All ionizing is harmful, and biological change from dental x-radiation is small, byt does still have biologic damage

Ionization of water results in the production of hydrogen and hydroxyl _____ _______

suggests that cell damage results when ionizing radiation directly hits critical areas, or targets within the cell (DNA)

suggests that x-ray photons are absorbed within the cell and cause the formation of toxins, which in turn damage the cell

When dose and damage of radiation are plotted on a graph, what type of relationship is seen?

true or false. there is NO safe amount of radiation, in dental radiation, damage always does occur

effects that occur as a direct function of dose; the probability of occurence increases with dose, but the severity of effects does not depend on the magnitude of the absorbed dose; they do not have a dose threshold

cancer induction and genetic mutations are what type of effects?

effects that have a threshold and increase in severity with increasing absorbed dose

erythema, loss of hair, cataract formation, and decreased fertility are examples of what effect?

Why do high dose rates cause more damage?

result from exposure to a nuclear accident or atomic bomb - associated with large amounts of radiation in small amounts of time

effects that appear after years and years, associated with small amounts of radiation absorbed repeatedly over a long period of time - linked to the induction of cancer, birth abnormalities, and genetic defects

All cells in the body except the reproductive cells

reproductive cells

effects seen in the person irradiated and not transmitted to future generations

effects not seen in the person irradiated, but passed to future generations

What are radiosensitive cells?

What cell is most sensitive to radiation?

what are radioresistant cells?

What are radiosensitive organs?

What are radioresistant tissues?

Critical organs in dental radiography include:

a way of measuring radiation exposure by the amount of ionization that occurs in air

The amount of energy absorbed by a tissue; how is it measured?

How much radiation reduction do you get from using f-speed film?

A longer source to flim distance will _______ pts exposure to radiation

true or false. The Roentgen (R) measures the amount of energy that reaches the surface of an organism, and the amount of radiation absorbed

SI unit that measures the number of electrical charges, or ion pairs in 1 kg of air

What measurement is used to compare the biological effects of different types of radiation?

the product absorbed dose (in rads) and quality factor specific for the type of radiation; the traditional unit of the dose equivalent

a _____ _______ or dimensionless multiplier is used to place the exposure effects of different types of radiation on a common scale

SI unit equivalent of the rem is __________

SI unit equivalent of the rad is ________

a form of ionizing radiation that is ubiquitous in the environment, and which humans are exposed to daily

Radiation that originates from the stars and the sun, and the higher the elevation, the more of this you recieve

radiation that is emitted from radioactive materials present in the earth and air including potassium and uranium

What type of radiation is the single largest contributor to artificial radiation?

true or false. Risk estimates suggest that death is more likely to occur from common activities than from the dental radiographic procedures, and that cancer is far more likely to be unrelated to radiation exposure

The use of a rectangular collimator reduces absorbed radiation dose by ______ %