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Widened growth plate:
>1mm, rickets (most common), Salter 1 fx, neuroblastoma, lymphoma, leukemia, infection
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Metaphyseal fragments:
child abuse, trauma, Blount�s, infection
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Vertebral plana (localized platyspondyly):
neuroblastoma mets, EG, lymphoma, leukemia, infection, trauma
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Generalized platyspondyly:
OI, dwarfism, Morquio, Cushing
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Fused vertebrae:
isolated fusion, Klippel-Feil syndrome (C2-3 fusion), posttraumatic
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Atlantoaxial subluxation:
Downs, Morquio, JRA, trauma
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Sacral abnormalities:
meningocele, NF, presacral teratoma, agenesis
-
Proximal femur:
Perthes, SCFE, congenital coxa vara, femoral focal deficiency
-
Radial ray deficiency:
absence of 1st and/or 2nd digit, often involves radius; Holt-Oram, thrombocytopenia-absent radius syndrome
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Polydactyly:
familial, chondroectodermal dysplasia, trisomy 13, Meckel-Gruber
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Short 4th metacarpal:
normal variant, Turner, pseudohypoparathyroid, pseudopseudohypoparathyroid
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Long 4th metacarpal:
NF, macrodystrophia lipomatosa
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Delayed bone age:
hypothyroidism, cyanotic CHD, chronic lung disease, HGH deficiency
-
Hemihypertrophy:
Wilms, Beckwith-Wiedemann�s, AV fistula, lymphangioma
-
Down�s syndrome:
duodenal atresia, TE fistula, EA, ECD, Hirschsprung�s, multiple sternal ossification centers, 11 ribs
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Premature infants:
HMD, NEC, germinal matrix hemorrhage, PVL, PDA
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