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3 main functions of protein?
- -help body grow
- - repair damaged / worn parts
- - regulate body processes
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secondary function of protein?
energy
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what does body need in order for protein to function properly? what would happen otherwise
needs carbohydrates, otherwise body uses protein for energy instead of building
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difference between comple/incomplete proteins?
- complete: supply all 9 essential amino acids
- incomplete: lacking 1 or more of essential amino acids
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what is a better source of protein besides animal?
plants, less fat, more fibre
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main function of carbs?
energy
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3 main types of carbs?
starch sugar fibre
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which carbs are complex and which are simple?
complex: starches and fibre
simple: sugar
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why is fibre different?
doesnt provide energy
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what are the 2 types of fibres, what are their functions?
soluble: dissolves in water, thickens stomach content, may reduce cholestrol
insoluble: contributes to bulk, promotes regular bowel movements. does not dissolve in water
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which food groups provide fibre?
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another name for fat/
essential fatty acids
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4 main functions of fat?
promotes healthy skin, cel growth, carries vitamins to wherever needed
- provide reserve supply of energy
- cushions heart
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how can fat help us eat less?
feel full longer
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problems of fat?
- lots of calories
- increase risk of illness
- contributes to obesity
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what is cholestrol?
fat-like substance, needed for body processes
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what is lipoprotein?
helps cholestrol circulate in blood
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name two types of lipoprotein
LDL: takes cholestrol in liver to where needed
HDL: picks up excess cholestrol and takes back to liver
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what is hydrogenization?
missing hydrogen atoms arre added to an unsaturated fat to make it firmer
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what is an antioxidant?
protects body cells + immune system from harmful chemicals
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explain two categories of vitamisn
water soluble: dissolve in water vitamin c, b vitamins
- fat soluble: absorbed and transported by fat.
- vitamins a,d,e ,k
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3 categories of minerals:
major: large amounts (calcium, posphorus)
electrolytes: maintain fluid balance (potassium, sodium)
trace minerals : small amounts, still important
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what is osteoporosis?
condition where bones weaken and become porous
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what is a phytochemical?
presence of disease, fighting nutrients in plant foods
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why is water important?
keeps body temp normal, gets rid of waste
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