How often are bitewings recommended every year for dentulous patients? for no high risk factor children (even if you can't see area)?
12-36
12-24
true or false. The recommendations for prescribing dental radiographs do not need to be altered because of pregnancy
true
If you are using 70 kVp, how much aluminum filtration is needed?
2.5 mm
used to restrict the size and shape of the x-ray beam, and most importantly, reduce pt radiation exposure
collimation
type of collimator that restricts the size of the x-ray beam to an area lightly larger than a size 2 film
rectangular collimator
which is better: circular or rectangular collimator, 8 inch length PID or 16 inche length PID?
rectangular
16 inch
true or fase. They thyroid collar protects the highly radiosensitive tissue of the thyroid gland, and it also may be removable
both statements are true
What is the most significant method of reducing a patients exposure to radiation?
fast film
the radiographer must stand ________ or at a ___________ angle, and atleast ____ feet away from the beam
perpendicular
90*
6 feet
personal monitering device; obtained from a special company; worn at waist level whenever exposing films; stored in a radiation safe area when not worn; sent back to service company for evaluation
film badge
Maximum dose equivalent that a body is permitted to recieve in a specific period of time; the dose of radiation that the body can endure with little or no injury
Maximum permissable dose (MPD)
MPD for occupationally exposed persons
5 rem/yr
MPD for nonoccupationally exposed persons and for an occupationally exposed pregnant woman
.1 rem/yr
Radiation dose that an occupationally exposed person accumulates in their lifetime, and must not exceed
maximum accumulated dose (MAD)
What does the ALARA concept state?
all exposure to radiation must be kept to a minumum or:
as low as reasonable achievable
What does a dental radiograph detect that can't be detected clinically?
diseases
lesions
conditions of teeth that can't be identified clinically:
missing teeth
extra teeth
impacted teeth
dental caries
periodontal disease
tooth abnormalities
retained roots
cysts and tumors
The primary benefit of radiographs is the detection of ________. And the benefit of ________ detection ________ ______ the risk of small doses of radiation
disease
disease
far outweighs
true or false. Radiographs can also confirm suspected diseases, and assist in locating lesions and foreign objects, also can sho changes secondary to trauma, caries, and periodontal disease
true
true or false. A very effective way of avoiding the gagging stimuli of a pt is to demonstrate film placement
true
What can be used if intraoral films are impossible?
extraoral films
What is a good way to help distract from gagging?
having them lift an arm or leg
true or false. The best way to communicate with a pt who is blind is to use clear verbal explanations and always keep the pt informed
true
a substantial impairment of mental or physical functioning that occurs before the age of 22 and is of indefinite duration
developmental disability
for an edentulous pt, the film should be positioned so that approximately ______ of it extends byond the edentulous ridge
