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Urinary System
The group of organs that produces urine, maintaing fluid and electrolyte balance for the body
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Urine
The fluid made by the kidney and eliminated from the body
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Urea
Waste derived from ammonia produced through protein metabolism
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Genitourinary System
The male organ system that includes reproductive and urinary structures
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Nephrology
The medical specialty dealing with the kidneys
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Urology
The sugical specialty dealing with the urinary/genitourinary system
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Renal
Pertaining to the kidneys
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Renal Calculi
Kidney stones
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Benign Prostate Hypertrophy
A noncancerous enlargement of the prostate associated with aging
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Preventative Strategy
A management plan to minimize further damage to vital tissues
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Flanks
The part of the back below the ribs and above the hip bones
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Kidney
An organ that produces urine and performs other functions related to the urinary system
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Nephron
A microscopic structure within the kidney that produces urine. About 1 million per kidney
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Hilum
The notched part of the kidney where the ureter and other structures join kidney
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Cortex
The outer tissue of an organ such as a kidney
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Medulla
The inner tissue of an organ such as the kidney
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Pyramids
The visible tissue structures within the medulla of the kidney
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Papilla
The tip of a pyramid, juts into the hollow space of the kidney
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Renal Pelvis
The hollow space of the kidney that junctions with a ureter
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Glomerulus
A tuft of capillaries from which blood is filtered into a nephron
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Bowman's Capsule
The hollow, cup-shaped first part of the nephron tubule. Water and substances enter through here
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Proximal Tubule
The part of the tubule beyond bowman's capsule
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Decending Loop of Henle
The part of the tubule beyond the proximal tubule
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Ascending Loop of Henle
The part of the tuble beyond the Descending Loop of Henle
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Distal Tubule
The part of the tubule beyond the ascending loop of henle
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Collecting Duct
The larger structure beyond the distal tubule into which urine drips
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Glomerular Filtration
The removal of water and other elements from blood in the nephron
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Reabsorption
The movement of a substance from a nephron tubule back into the blood
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Secretion
The movement of a substance from the blood into a nephron tubule
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Filtrate
The fluid produced in Bowman's capsule by filtration of the blood
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Glomerular Filtration Rate
The volume per day at which blood is filtered through capillaries of the glomerulus
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Simple Diffusion
The random motion of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration
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Osmosis
The diffusion pattern of water in which molecules move to equalize concentrations on both sides of a membrane
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Osmolarity
The measure of a substance's concentration in water
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Hyperosmolar
A solution that has a concentration of a substance greater than that of a second solution
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Hypo-osmolar
A solution that has concentration of the substance lower that that of a second solution
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Facillitated Diffusion
A form of molecular diffusion in which a molecule-specific carrier in a cell membrane speeds the molecule's movement from a region of higher concentration to one of lower concentration
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Active Transport
Movement of a molecule through a cell membrane from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration. Requires energy
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Diuresis
Formation and passage of a dilute urine, decreasing blood volume
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Antidiuresis
Formation and passage of a concentrated urine, preserving blood volume
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Osmotic Diuresis
Greatly increased urination and dehydration that results when high levels of glucose cannot be reabsorbed into the blood from the kidney tubules and the osmotic pressure of the glucose in the bubules also prevents water reabsorption
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Creatinine
A waste product caused by metabolism within muscle cells
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Renin
An enzyme produced by the kidneys that plays a key role in controlling arterial blood pressure
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Erythropoietin
A hormone produced by the kidneys that stimulates maturation of red blood cells
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Ureter
A duct that carries urine from kidney to urinary bladder
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Urinary Bladder
The muscular organ that stores urine before its elimation from the body
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Urethra
The duct that carries urine from the bladder out of the body. In men, it also carries sperm.
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Sperm Cell
Male reproductive cell
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