HLTH 130

Ethic the study of morality and is one of the three major areas of philosophy

The mandate to ensure and protect the health of the public.

• Ethics (Morals and ethics are not the same)
• Metaphysics ( study of nature of reality)
• Epistemology (study of knowledge and its aquisition)

Sense of behavioral conduct that differentiates intentions decisions and actions between those that are good or bad.

This field of philosophy adresses questions about morality such as good and evil ...

• Judgment on what is right or wrong, or if it is relative and it could change.
• It is the judgments made by human characters and study of making right choices.

Because acting ethically brings meaning or purpose to the life of an individual. It provides a standard by which to live. If people didn't act ethically there would be cheaos.

It has been said that ethical people tend to be healthier. Also these people tend to have a healthier physical , psychological and more emotionally satisfiying lives.

• Self actualization ( Morality,creativity, problem solving)
• Esteem ( confidance, achievement, respect for others)
• Love ( friendships, family and sexual intimacy)
• Safety ( security of job, resources)
• Physicological ( breathing, food , water , sex)

Self actualization

• We are expected to follow the ethical code of conduct
• Teaching ( Be fair)
• Service
• Research ( Rigor = no flexability in opinion)

• Public
• Profession
• Employers
• Delivery
• Research/evaluation
• Prepration

• Value
• Goodness ( rightness)
• Justice ( fairness)
• Truth ( honesty)
• Individual freedom

Human beings shoud revere ( honor) life and accept death

• We sould always aim for righteonessnes , self rightenouss people are stuck up with is not good, however , rightneoussness by itself is good.
• Rightiousness means when peoples's actions are justified and they have a life that is pleasing god.

• Non.maleficience = above all do no harm
• Beneficience= do good
• as these say it is more important to reduce the harm then to maximize collective goods

Humans should treat everyone fairly ( access to resources) in distributing goodness and badness among them.

Being able to be yourself and the heart of it is communication which is a necessary componet of telling the truth.

It means that people must have freedom to choose their own waus and means of being moral, however individual freedom is limited by ( values, goodness, justice, truth)

Autonomy

• People are interdependence
• Interdependence are the essence of community

• -Health
• humans have the right to the resources necessary for health
• -Community
• Humans are socially interdependent
• the effectiveness of the institution depends on public trust
• collaboration is the key element
• Physical environment interdependence
• opportunity to contribute
• Id and promote fundemental requirements for health
• -Bases for action
• Knowledge
• Science is the base for knowledge
• Acting on the bases of what they know
• Action is based on the information

1932 and lasted for 40 years, it was initially going to be a 4-6 month study

1940-1970

1976-1978

1996

The national commission for the protection of human subjects of biomedical and behavioral research

It includes ethical primciples and guidlines for the protection of human subject

This report is named after the confrance center at the smithsonian instutution where it was held at.

• Respect for others
• Beneficiance
• Justice

It states that individuals must be treated as autonomous agents and people with diminished autonomy are entitled protection.

• Information ( purpose, risks and benefits, imminent harm)
• Comprehension
• Voluntariness ( free of force, can withdraw anytime)
• this falls under respect for others

• Do no harm
• Maximize possible benefits and reduce harm

There should be equity in the distribution of research benefits and burdens.

• HHS
• State and local health departments
• CDC
• Taskegee institute
• Experts in the field of venereal disease
• Local doctors and nurses
• US military

• No informed consent ( respect for others)
• Sussiptibility to kindness( indue influence, Voluntaries)
• Did not minimize the risk ( beneficiance)
• Used disadvantaged black ( justice)

• Failure of public health professionals to discuss Taskegee experiment helps maintain a barrier. ( Taskegee Undermines trust and Justifies HIV conspiracy)
• Contribution to fears of genocide
• Trail of distrust and suspicion

The Multiplier Effect

• Conducting research has the potential to affect larger segment of the population
• Discovery
• Opportunity to synthesize knowledge from different disciplines
• Participatory dimensions

He worked for the GVPT and he thought at universities, He was able to do that since his parents moved and he was accustomed to moving and overcame fears about it. So basically means to move from something to something else without having fears on doing it.

He thought that mentoring should go through one's career constructive thoughts and feedback from trusted friends and colleagues can be great value. Also provide an opportunity where they can pursue their best ideas and wait for them to come and ask questions. The number one responsibility of mentor is to provide learning experiance opportunities. so it is better to provide opportunities than pushing students into one thing after another.

• Good Novice researcher
• Collaborator
• Organizer
• Team developer

Jimmy Carter