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2 variations in creating a sketch to document evidence on vertical objects
- cross-projections or exploded view
- elevation sketch
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how do you fix measurements to surrounding walls in rectangular coordinates
by measuring at right angles from evidence to surrounding walls
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when is baseline appropriate
exterior scenes without evident landmarks
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when are rectangular coordinates on a grid effective
in gravesite excavations
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when should you use triangulation on a baseline
exterior crime scenes where the field of evidence is not too widely scattered, but there are no adequate landmarks
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why is it unnecessary to orient a total station to true north?
the accuracy of the total station is ridiculously good
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3 things all narratives need
- 1.detailed with all pertinent facts and conditions documented.
- 2. accurate with few inferences or subjective evaluations included
- 3. understandable- logical and organized
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why should you mark investigative efforts that yield no results
to show that effort was expended- lawyer might say there was inappropriate or improper procedures
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documenation four key elements
- 1.notes
- 2.photo/video
- 3.sketches
- 4.reports
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how does f-stop affect the resulting photo
1.smaller f-stop =more light the lens allows in
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how to prevent overexposure or bleaching out of close-up photos
the use of offset flach and oblique lighting in these situations will correct and eliminate this
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What can ISO do?
the higher the ISO= more noise= bad photo
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What is the temp. of light measure in?
Kelvin
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What is roadmapping?
patterns overall orientation in the scene and entire pattern (for bloodstain pattern analysis)
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Explain f-stop
f-stop higher=smaller aperture=less light
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what does depth of field do?
relates to the focus of items
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what do fill-flash techniques do?
ensrue consistent lighting across the spectrum.
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3 key elements to consider when evaluating a luminol reaction
color,duration,intensity
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what is a positive reaction to blood?
blue-green, should iniate in a matter of seconds, and remain active for several minutes
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what are the three types of evidence that the firearms examiner looks for?
- 1. layering of trace evidence, indicative of sequence of targets struck
- 2. damage to the projectile, indicative of the type of target the bullet struck
- 3. deformation of the projectile, indicative of the angle of impact
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why is effective documentation necessary for bloodstain patterns and bullet defects?
important do destinguish between pieces of evidence. proper numbering is important
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If you are not sure if the defect is from a bullet what test can be done?
chemical tests for examining the presence of copper and lead
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What is meant by "origin and cause" when discussing fire scene investigation?
Determine fire flow and that will help indicate the origin of the fire
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What way does firefighting activity affect the fire scene investigation?
by forcing entry into buildings, vent areas by breaking out windows, tear down walls, or move objects and furniture
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