Final Exam part II

Skull, Vertebral collumn, Thoracic cage. Forms the long axis of the skeleton.

Bones of the upper and lower limbs, shoulder, and pelvic girdle that attach limbs to the axial skeleton.

• Slightly moveable joints, such as bones in the vertebral
• column

Any freely movable joint, such as the shoulder and hip joints

• Permits very little or no movement under normal conditions.
• Gomphosis are found in the sockets of the teeth.
• Synostoses are where two bones fuse together.

Most moveable joints; all are diarthroses.

• 1) Articular Cartilage
• 2) Joint Cavity (synovial cavity)
• 3) Articular Capsule
• 4) Synovial fluid
• 5) Reinforcing Ligaments
• 6) Nerves and Vessels

• 1) Plane Joints - Intertarsal and intercarpal joints
• 2) Hinge Joints - Elbow joint, ankle joint
• 3) Pivot Joint - Proximal Radioulnar Joint
• 4) Condyloid Joint - Knuckle, wrist joints.
• 5) Saddle Joints - Ball of the thumb
• 6) Ball and Socket Joint - Shoulder and Hip joints.

• 1. ADduction
• 2. ABduction

• 1. Flexion
• 2. Extension

• 1. Dorsiflexion
• 2. Plantarflexion

• 1. Medial Rotation
• 2. Lateral Rotation

• 1. Inversion
• 2. Eversion

The special type of smooth endoplasmic reticulum found in smooth and striated muscle fibers whose function is to store and release calcium ions.

It is a deep invagination of the sarcolemma, which is the plasma membrane, only found in skeletal and cardiac muscle cells. These invaginations allow depolarization of the membrane to quickly penetrate to the interior of the cell.

They store various neurotransmitters that are released at the synapse.

A neuromuscular junction (NMJ) is the synapse or junction of the axon terminal of a motoneuron with the motor end plate,

The line formed where actin filaments attach between two sarcomeres.

Organelles in skeletal muscle that are long rod shaped and are in the sarcoplasm. They are cylinders.

• The filaments of myofibrils constructed from proteins,
• Actin Myofilament:
• Myosin Myofilament:

A fascicle is a bundle of skeletal muscle fibers surrounded by perimysium, a type of connective tissue.

is a sheath of connective tissue that groups individual muscle fibers (anywhere between 10 to 100 or more) into bundles or fascicles.

Is a layer of connective tissue that ensheaths a muscle fiber and is composed mostly from reticular fibers.

is a layer of connective tissue which ensheaths the entire muscle.

Carry oxygen from the lungs to the tissues around your body. As a secondary function, they are also a key player in getting waste carbon dioxide from your tissues to your lungs,

Destroy bacteria. 60% of all WBC's

• Play a roll in allergic reations and parasites.
• 1-4% of all WBC's

• Weak phagocytes. Direct later stages of parasitic infections.
• 0.5% of all WBC's

• Macrophages. Particles of debris, foreign cells.
• Largest WBC.
• 4 - 8 % of all WBC's.

• Fight infectious organizms. Responses produce antigens.
• Most important of all WBC's
• 20 - 45% of all WBC's

• Vena Cavae
• Right atrium
• Tricuspid Valve
• Right Ventricle
• Pulmonary Semilunar valve
• Pulmonary artery
• Lungs
• Pulmonary Veins
• Left Atrium
• Mitral Valve
• Left Ventricle
• Aortic Semilunar Valve
• Aorta
• Body