Bio chapter 3

is the scientific study of the interactions ammong organisms and between organisms and their eenvironment.

a group of organisms so similar to one another that they can breed and produce fertile offspring.

group of individuals that belong to the same species and live in the same area.

assemplages of different population that live together in a defined area.

a collection of all the organisms that live in a particular place, together with nonliving environment.

a group of ecosystems that have the smae climate and similar dominant communities.

• Contains the combines proportions of the planet in which all life exists, including land, water and air, or atmosphere
• It is the highets level of organization.

• species
• population
• communities
• ecosystem
• biome
• biosphere

• observe: questions
• Experimenting: prving hypothesis
• Modeling: gain insight into complex phonomena

sunlisght is the main energy source for life on Earth

make their own food

capture energy from sunlight and chemicals and use enerfy to produce food

process in qhich autotrphs use light energy to power chemical reactions that convert carbon dioxide and water into oxygen (that we breathe) and energy-rich carbohydrates (starches).

When organisms use chemical energy to produce carbohydrates

Heterotrophs

• Organisms that rely on other organisms for their energy and food supply
• Herbivores: eat plants
• Carnivores: eat animals
• Omnivores: eat both
• Detritivores: feed on plant and animal remains and other dead material
• Decomposers: breaks down organic mater.

Energy flows from the sun or inorganic compounds to autotrophs (producers) to heterotrphs (consumers).

series of steps in which organisms transfer energy by eating or being eaten.

• feeding relationships among the various organisms in an ecosystem that forms a nertwork of complex interactions
• links all food chains in an ecosystem together

• every step in a foood chain or web
• Producers: 1st trophic lever
• Consumers: (Herbivores, primary carnivores, top carnivores) 1st, 2nd, 3rd level consumers
• Each consumer depends on the trophic level below it for energy.
• only 10% of energy is passed through every trophic level

sshows the energy contained within each trophic level in a food chain or web

The total amount of living tissue within a given trophic level

evaporation, condensation, precipitation,

• CO2 is released by volanic activity, respiration, human activities and decomposition of organic matter
• It is absorbes through photosynthesis and some found in the ovean

nitrogen is cycled through the tissues of living organisms