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What are the 5 areas of marine research?
- Identify bioactive compounds produced by marine organisms
- Understanding environmental factors, nutritional requirements, and genetic factors that control the production of primary and secondary metabolites
- Improve health, reproduction, growth, and cultivation of marine organism
- Developing bioremediation tools
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What is the use of Aquaculture?
- Maintain populations of endangered marine organisms
- Marketable marine organisms
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What are the 2 ways of making triploids?
- Diploid with a haploid
- Tetraploide with diploid
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What affects marine animal health?
Protozoans, Bacteria, Virus and Fungi
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How does biotechnology help marine animal health?
- Early disease detection
- Development and applying new antibiotics
- Development of pathogen free animals
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What are the 3 types of algae?
Green, Red, Brown
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What are the benefits of marine organisms to agriculture?
- Cyanobacteria (dried flakes) used as fertilizers
- Valuable genes
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What methods are available to create transgenic fish?
- Electroporation (shock to open membrane)
- Microinjection
- Injection through Micropyle
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What is the most studied fish?
Salmon and catfish
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What are the environmental concerns for transgenic fish?
Contamination
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What are 2 goals of genomics?
- Assembly of physical and genetic maps of genomes of different organisms.
- Find location and explain genes
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What are the four categories of genetic disorder?
- Single-gene disorders
- Multi-gene disorders
- Mitochondrial
- Chromosome abnormalities
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What should be considered for a disease to be a candidate for gene therapy?
Caused by single, well studied and understood gene.
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What are vectors?
Anything that carries DNA into a cell
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What are the types of viral vectors?
Retrovirus, Adenovirus, adeno-associated virus
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What are the nonviral vectors?
Electroporation, microinjections, biolistics, liposomes
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What are several types of clinical trials?
- Diagnostic- identifies better tests for diagnosis
- Treatment- tests new therapies and drugs
- Prevention- ways to prevent disease
- Quality of life- improve well being of chronically ill
- Screening- detect specific diseases
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What are the different types of stem cells?
- Embroyonic- before differentiation
- Fetal- some differentiation
- Umbilical cord blood cell- Multipotent
- Adult- Multipotent
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What is VNTR used for?
Fingerprinting
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What is the method of choice for DNA typing?
STR-based
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What are the uses of RFLP?
Forensics, Screening for diseases
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What is single nucleotide polymorphism?
- Most are nucleotide substitution
- Detect mutations
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