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Motor behavior includes 4 ares of kinesiology
exercise physiology, biomechanics, sport psychology, sport sociology
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exercise physiology
recruitment; motor units; neuromuscular junction
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biomechanics
kinetics; kinematics; neuromuscular control
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sport psychology
motivation; inverted U hypothesis
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sport sociology
reasoning for specific behavior
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motor control
underlying mechanisms; behavioral& neural; changes with learning; walking, running, jumping, kicking, throwing = fine motor control
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motor learning
how we learn and facilitate learning; relatively permanent changes in skill performance resulting from practice; expert vs. novice
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motor devlopment
milestones; fundamental motor patterns and changes
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developmental coordination disorders
down's syndrome, developmental dyslexia, cerebral palsy
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aging/lifespan
balance; learning/memory disease (alzheimer's)
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control and learning issuses
different from young adults = specific problems and specific advatages
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ADL's
activities of daily living; gerontology minor available
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the brain (aging/lifestyle)
decreases in size; cells die; fewer connections; fewer support cells; plasticity is still evident = changes based on interaction with the environment
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history of motor behavior-motor learning
world war II military and air force; physical education and sports
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history of motor behavior-motor control
neurophysiology; cognitive experimental
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history of motor behavior-motor development
growth and maturation; motor milestones; fundamental motor skills
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Motor equivalence
accomplishing the same goal in more than one way
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feedback
primary sensory information
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reaction time
speed of information processing
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attention
effortful and limited processing; multitasking = interference; automaticity depends on experience and practice
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physical activity
more exercise = less cognitive decline
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cardio health
those who engage in 4 or more activities regularly have half the risk of dementia; not absolute energy expenditure, but number of activities
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cognition
increased blood flow; Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor; work in conjunction with estrogen
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exercise physiology
study of acute physiological responses to physical activity and the changes in physiological responses to chronic physical activity. Serves as the foundation for conditioning, fitness, and rehabilitation programs
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goals of exercise physiology
to use physiology principles and measurement techniques to understand health benefits of physical activity, improve sport performance, and improve physical fitness
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research/study topics-exercise physiology
- heart&lung function-acute&chronic effects
- muscle-strenght, mass, & function
- endocrine & immune systems
- skeletal- bone health
- metabolism-nutrient process
- disease processes-diabetes, heart disease, musculo-skeletal, cancer, immune disorders
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development of speedo lazer racer
- physiology-oxygen uptake and economy
- biomechanics-drag, resistance, & propulsion
- engineering- fluid dynamics
- textiles-fabric properties & water repellent (amt of polyurithane that is allowed to be used per suit is low)
- anatomy-athlete fit
- CFD-computational fluid dynamics, allows visual of water flow, red=high drag, blue=low drag
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testing of speedo lazer racer
- mannequin flume drag tests
- athlete body scanning-to determine patters for different suit sizes
- swimmer economy tests in flume-lower VO2 = less effort required for given speed
- australian institute of sport pool testing
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Timeline of speedo lazer racer development
- began in 2004
- used in 2008 olympics
- approved in 2009
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Cardiovascular disease
starts at an early age, due to smoking, drugs, not exercising, poor diet/eating habits
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nisting figure
ecological model of factors that affect health
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signs of CVD
high BMI, high blood pressure, high cholesterol
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Clinical and Commercial fitness jobs/careers/options
- private fitness center-desk, manager, owner
- corporate wellness and health promotion
- public health agencies-profit-non-profit
- personal trainer
- strength and conditioning coach
- clinical
- cardiac rehabilitation
- group fitness instructors
- physical/occupational therapy
- chiropractic medicine
- physicians assistant/medical doctor
- graduate school-more experience=more opportunities/options
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start work at entry level
shadow professionals, volunteer, join clubs/organizations, pre-internships opportunities
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developing a program from training
- assessment=diagnostic or functional
- methods of finding fitness capacity of healthy clients
- maximal testing = as hard and long as possible until can't go any more
- sub-maximal = has a set limit to be reached in a certain amount of time
- make sure it fits you and your clients- time constraints, goals, limits, equipment
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Sport instruction and coaching
- rewarding and satisfying
- allow you to change the behavior of those you work with
- roles of instructor and coach significantly overlap
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settings
- elementary
- colleges
- youth sport agencies
- golf courses/tennis centers
- private sport clubs
- fitness centers
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how to become a coach
- attend college classes
- get certified
- obtain a license though an endorsement or authorization
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issues and topics of importance
- parent-coach relationships
- ethical behavior-athletes and coaches
- youth sport
- fitness and health related activities
- mega-sport events
- outdoor recreation
- leisure
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iowa coaching requirements
- physiology or anatomy
- growth and development
- athletic training
- coaching theory
- ethics of coaching
- FBI background check
- child and dependent adult abuse training
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community sport and recreation
- broad field requiring diverse preparation
- major focus on marketing and management issues
- need to understand sport tourism and recreation
- youth sport
- fitness and health related activities
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sport tourism
- extremely competitive
- important economic development tool
- ex. olympics; professional sports tournaments; ncaa world series
- careers: management w/recreation and sport organizations (YMCA); management w/ city or state; convention and visitors organizations; sport and leisure; event marketing and managing
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Perfomance enhancing substances
steriods
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athletes and non-sport violence
- college athletes compose 3% of male student body
- responsible for 19% of college sexual assaults
- responsible for 35% of college domestic violence cases
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sociology
- study of all aspects of social life, including all forms of interactions and relationships
- behavior= function (person, environment)
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undergrad course-sociology
- critical thinking of physical activity
- analyze social problems and issues associated w/ physical activity
- look beyond issue of physical performance and scores/rank
- learn how to make informed decisions about involvement
- brainstorm how physical activity can be transformed to provide mostly positive experiences
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Aging & immunity
can aging and associated decline in immunity response be reversed by exercise?
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topics of aging/immunity
- impact of aging on infection and immunity
- age-related changes in physical activity
- age-related diseases
- age-related changes in structure/function of barriers, skin & mucus
- lung defenses- respiratory infections are leading cause of death due to infectious disease in elderly
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methods to restore immunocompetence among the aged
- caloric restriction
- endocrine manipulations
- grafting of cells/tissue
- thymic peptides
- antioxidants
- diverse exercise routine
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