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Butterfly fx
- - comminuted fx where bone is broken into 2 fragments on each side of a central fx
- - caused by high energy force
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Transverse Fx
- - fx across the long axis of the bone at
- right angle
- - Mx - direct blow
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Oblique Fx
- - fx is at angle line to long axis
- - less stable than transverse
- - Mx- twisting motion
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Greenstick fx
break only on one side of bone
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Comminuted fx
bone broken in more than 2 pieces
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Depressed fx
bone is pushed in as often in skull fxs
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Spontaneous fx
fx occurs without trauma
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Stellate fx
additional fx's radiate from a central fx
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Fissure fx
crack in the surface of the bone that doesn't extend through the bone
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Incomplete fx
doesn't extend all the way through bone
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Insufficiency Fx
stress fx that occurs when bone that is abnormally thin is put under stress
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Trophic fx
results from nutritional deficits
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Agenetic fx
spontaneous fx that results from less than ideal osteogenesis
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Buttonhole fx
projectile causes hole in bone
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Capillary fx
one that appears as a thin line in an x-ray as the bone fragments aren't separated
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Chisel fx
slanted piece of bone is detached from the head of the radius
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Direct fx
occurs at the site of injury
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Dyscrasic fx
occurs due to weakening of bone from disease
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Intraperiosteal fx
doesn't involve a break in the periosteum
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Endocrine fx
fx occurs as result of the bone weakening from an endocrine disorder
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Fissure fx
involves the surface of the bone but not all the way through
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Grenade thrower's fx
fx of humerus caused by the muscular action involved in throwing heavy object
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Indirect fx
one that is some distance from location of injury
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Inflammatory fx
caused by the weakening on bone due to inflamm.
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Intracapsular fx
occurs within joint capsule
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Lead Pipe fx
involves compression of the cortex on one side of bone and crack on the opposite side of bone
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Neoplastic fx
occurs in a bone weakened by malignancy
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Neurogenic fx
occurs in a bone weakened by neurological disorder
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Nightstick fx
fx of ulnar shaft caused by blocking of a downward blow of an object
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periarticular fx
occurs near jt.
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Pressure fx
occurs due to pressure placed on the bone by a tumor
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Resecting fx
fragment of bone is removed by a violent action
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Splintered fx
comminuted fx where the bones are broken into sharp thin pieces.
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Subcapital fx
fx of bone underneath head
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Subcutaneous fx
doesn't penetrate skin
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Subperiosteal fx
break doesn't penetrate periosteum and shape and alignment of bone aren't changed
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Supracondylar fx
involving the lower end of shaft of humerus
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Transcondylar fx
involving the condyles of the humerus in which the fx line crosses the fossae. Fx extends into the jt. capsule
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Basal fx
fx at neck of femur near trochanters
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Bumper fx
fx involving one or both of the lower extremities below the knee
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Duverney's fx
fx of ilium
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Paratrooper's fx
fx of the posterior part of the tibial articular margin and/or the malleoli
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Segond fx
fx involving ITB
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Shepherd's fx
fx of the external tubercle of talus
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Stieda's fx
fx of the femur at the internal condyle
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Sprinter's fx
avulsion of anterior superior, or inferior, spine of the ilium
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Wagstaffe's fx
fx with a dislocation of medial malleolus
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Burst fx
body of the vertebrae is crushed all around. Can cause paralysis.
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Jefferson fx
unilateral or bilateral fx of the first cervical vertebrae at the ant. and post. arches. Axial loading injury and is unstable
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Ping Pong fx
- - depression fx of skull
- - usually occurs in babies and resolves spontaneously
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Subcapital fx
intracapsular fx where neck of femur joins head of femur
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Epicondylar fx
fx of the epicondyles of the distal humerus
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Supracondylar fx
fx locate above the condyles and epicondyles
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Transcondylar fx
transverse fx across the condyles of the humerus or femur
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Bennett's fx
- - oblique fx of base of metacarpal of thumb
- - Mx - forced abd of thumb
- - extends to CMC and abd pollucus longus shifts the bone laterally
- - usually surgical
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Rolando's fx
- - fx/dislocation of 1st metacarpal at the base of bone
- - comminuted, intra-articular
- - 3 fragments usually involved form a T or Y
- - Mx - forceful abd
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Barton's fx
- - intra-articular oblique fx of distal radius involving radiocarpal jt.
- - comminuted fx
- - dislocation of radiocarpal jt. and fx line over distal rim of radius
- - unstable fx
- - Mx - fall forward on extended hand
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Reverse Barton's fx
- - just like Barton's except fx runs on volar rim of distal radius
- - usually surgical
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Chauffeur's fx (Hutchinson's fx)
- - intra-articular oblique fx of radial styloid process
- - can cause lunate dislocation
- - Mx - forceful ulnar deviation and supination of wrist
- - casting or fixation
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Buckle fx
- - incomplete fx where cortex of bone is compressed causing a buckle on the compressed side. The other side of bone is undamaged
- - Mx - fall on outstretched arm
- - can be classic or angled
- - non surgical - casting
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Boxer's fx
- - fx of fifth metacarpal
- - Mx - punching object
- - loss of knuckle in fifth metacarpal
- - usually surgical
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Colles fx
- - fx of distal metaphysis of radius in which the fx fragment is displaced dorsally
- - may cause ulnar styloid fx
- - Mx- forced dorsiflexion of wrist
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Smith's fx
- - reverse Colle's fx
- - transverse fx of distal radius
- - volar displacement
- - Mx- fall forward on flexed wrists
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Mallet fx
- - occurs with mallet finger - extensor injury
- - avulsion fx causing finger to drop
- - Mx- forceful hyperext
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Monteggia fx
- - fx of proximal ulna with dislocated radial head within elbow jt.
- - 2 types - extension and flexion
- - Mx - forces through hand/forearm with elbow bent
- - radius is pulled away from joint by interosseous lig.
- - usually surgical
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Galeazzi's fx
- - reverse Monteggia fx
- - fx/dislocation of shaft of radius b/w middle and distal thirds and dorsal dislocation of inf. radioulnar jt.
- - Mx - direct blow to dorsal wrist or fall on outstretched arm
- - usually surgical
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Tuft fx
- - fx of distal phalanx (finger tip)
- - can be open or closed
- - usually causes nail bed damage
- - Mx- blunt trauma or crushing
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Quervain's fx
- fx of navicular with volar dislocation of lunate
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Moore's fx
fx of distal portion of radius with dislocation of ulnar head and entrapment of styloid process
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Skillern's fx
complete fx through bottom third of radius with greenstick fx at bottom third of ulna
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Wilson's fx
avulsion fx at site of proximal interphalangeal jt.
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Pott's fx
- - fx/dislocation of ankle
- - fx of fibula about ankle jt and fx of medial malleolus
- - internal lig. rupture
- - foot displaced laterally
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Gosselin's fx
- v-shaped fx of the distal tibia which extends to ankle jt
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Maisonneuve fx
- - spiral fx of proximal third of fibula
- - disruption of distal tibiofib. syndesmosis
- - fx of tibia and deltoid tear also may occur
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Pilon fx
- - comminuted fx of distal end of tibia
- - oblique fx and extends medially and laterally to tibiofibular jt.
- - impact injury caused by axial loading caused by talus driving into tibial platue
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Tillaux Fx
- - avulsion fx of anterial lateral margin of distal end of tibia
- -twisting injury
- - ant. tibiofib pulls away from tibia
- - Salter harris II fx
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Triplane fx
- - fx of the epiphysis,physis and metaphysis of distal tibia
- - vertical, transverse and coronal
- - Mx- twisting
- - Salter IV fx
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Trimalleolar fx
- - fx of medial and lateral malleoli of tibia and post. process of tibia
- - surgical and non weight bearing
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Jones fx
- - fx of base of fifth
- - dec. blood flow
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LeFort Fx
- - transverse fx of maxillae
- - 3 types
- - Type I - transverse fx through alveolar process of maxilla
- - Type II - bilat/unilat. fx of maxilla
- - Type III - complete separation of maxilla
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Salter Harris Fractures
- - fx of growth plate
- - Types I - epiphysis is separated from metaphysis
- - Type II - partial sep. of epiphysis and physis from metaphysis
- - Type III - distal portion of tibia
- - Type IV - distal protion of humerus
- - Type V - crushing fx of physis
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Peterson Classification
- - Newer classifications of Salter Harris
- - Adds Type VI - epiphysis,physis and metaphysis is removed from site
- - MX - gunshot or heavy machinery
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Inter-trochanteric fx
- - fx b/w greater and lesser trochanters of femur
- - fx of cancellouse bone so heals well
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Tibial Plateu Fx
- - MX- car impact, twisting or lateral forces to bone
- - 6 types
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Pipkin Classification
- - used in describing fx of femoral head
- - 4 types
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Garden Classification
- - fx of the femoral neck
- - Type I - incomplete fx
- - Type II - complete/nondisplaced
- - Type III - complete w/ partial displacement
- - Type IV - complete fx w/ complete displacement
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Danis Weber Classification
- - describes ankle fx
- - Type A - fx is below syndesmosis
- - Type B - at jt. level with syndesmosis
- - Type C - above sysndesmosis
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Gustilo and Anderson Classification
- - types of open fx
- - Type I - fx with open wound less than 1cm
- - Type II - open fx with wound greater than 1cm
- - Type III - fx with wound greater than 1cm and extensive soft tissue damage
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Boutonniere Deformity
- injury to the central slip of the ext. mech. of PIP jt.
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