PBL test 3 riddle.txt

• red pulp; macorphages
• white pulp; B cells in the follicles, T cells in the pariarterial lymphoid sheaths

• in response to catacohlamines
• Helps to add volume to the system in case of shock, releases stored RBCs and PLTs
• The capsule contracts, myofibroblasts

• mostly B lymphocytes surrounded by T
• Surround the central artery

• trabecular artery
• central artery
• penicillar arteriol
• open into red pulp
• splenic sinus
• trabecular vein

• nonspecific; recognize morpholocial and biological changes in RBCs
• specific; opsinization with IgG

• Sphingosine attached to a glucose
• Sphingosine is a ceramide with a fatty acid

• 1. non neuro
• 2. neuro

• Intermediate in AA synthesis
• oxaloacetate

periodic acid shift positive material accumulate in fibrils

inlarged spleen prematurely removes RBC, WBS, and platelets

acts on Beta 1,4 bonds

secreted by the JG cells and causes the activation of angiotensinogen

Pulmonary endothelial cells

• convert angiotensin 1 to 2
• degrade badykinin

Modified form of human B-glucocerebrosidace

the infant startle reflex

• near reflex on that the big toe does when the foot is stimulated
• Baby will be positive until nervous system is fully militated
• positive sign in an assault shows nervous system damage, in the pyramidal tract

• distal convoluted tubules
• principle cells, Na/K
• enterocytes, Na/H

• progesterone to 11-deoxycoticosterone
• 17-hydroxyprogesterone to 11-deoxycortisol

only the aldosterone pathway would be active

• respond to FSH and convert androgens to estrogen
• theca internal secrete androgens in response to LH

adrenal glands

• steroid precurser
• calcitrol most active for of Vit D
• begins in the liver and ends in the kidney
• Cholecalcitrol is formed by the skin and needs UV light
• 7 dehydrocholesterol to cholecalciferal (skin) to hydroxycholecalciferol (liver) to dihydrocycholecalciferol (kidney)

released by the anterior pituitary under control form the Hypothalmus (CRF paraventricular nucleus), Binds to the adrenal cortex and stimulated cAMP, this activates protein kinase A and activated cholesterol dismutase

based on human milk, undigested proteins and fats

• low serene iron and reduced iron binding capacity with abundant iron stores. Hepcidin is released by the liver in response to IL1 and TNF, this inhibits iron release
• TNF and IL1 also inhibit the release of erythropoietin

gram positive

gram negative, common in neutropenic patients

• secreted by pseudomoas aeruginosa
• absorbs water quickly

• viscid mucus causes the bronchioles to become hyperplascia and hypertrophy.
• The bacteria can for abcesses

influences the severity of CF

• bronco dilator
• relaxes smooth muscle

• broad spectrum antibiotic
• affective against pneumonia and staphylococcus auras

turns on protein kinase A that phosphorilates the CFTR R domain

• CFTR can regulate the secretion of bicarb
• normal alkaline secretion ran now acidic

• synthesis
• folding/transport
• regulation, normal abundance of defective channels
• in efficient
• not enough receptors
• cant control other channels

bile canuliculi are plugged causing portal inflammation

bilateral absence of vas deferens

• protodiastolic gallop
• LV filling
• not heard till halfway through diastole

• presystolic gallop
• blood being forced into the ventricle by atrial contraction

vibration felt over the chest when a person talks

• produced by the live and used as energy by the muscle
• CPK, transfers a phosphate from ATP to creatine to create phosphocreatine
• phosphocreatine is used as energy and its byproduct is creatinine

a marker used to estimate the muscle mass of an individual

• large blister
• collection of air in the cells of the visceral pleura

C4/C5

• it is anterior to the esophagus
• the sac aorta is anterior to it and then arches over the left bronchi and descends posterior to it
• right bronchi is ppsterior to pulmonary artery in root and left brooch is lower then pulmonary artery in left root

15mmHg

• 0.8 seconds
• can be as short as .3 during exercise

• low weight heparin that is broken down quicker and is less potent
• given during pregnancy because it does not cross the pacenta

enhances AT3 binding to factor X

• endothelial injury
• stasis
• hypercoagulable

venous embolus that crosses a heart defect into the arterial system

sympathetic reflexes

• liver disease
• hereditary factor dificiency
• Vit K deficiency
• bile duct abstraction; vit k is fat soluble
• coumarin
• DIC
• blood transfusion
• saicylate intoxication

pTT

• isotonic with blood
• has calcium in it

antibiotic used to treat gram negative infection

• used against anaerobic bacteria
• methacyclin resistant staphlococcus areas

• retro; kidneys, aorta, adrenals , asc and dec colon, pancrease
• inter; stomach, spleen, transverse colon, liver, tail of pancrease

renal plexus from the celiac plexus,least splancnic nerve

• left is T12-L3
• right it slightly higher

• gram neg and pos
• broad spectrum

anerobic bacteria

• histamine H2 receptor antiganist
• blocks the stimulation of HCL from parietal cells in the stomach.
• acid would cause irritation to the already damaged mucosa

• demerol
• interacts with sodium ion channels to block pain

opiode derivative

• used as a replacement for PCN
• used for UTI and respiratory infections

• increase in venous pressure and return increases heart rate
• stretch receipts in the atria

poor delivery of oxygen leads to increased anaerobic metabolism and increased production of lactic acid