Fractures.txt

8-12 weeks

• 1. Inflammation - 2 days
• 2. Cellular proliferation - begins 2nd day
• 3. Callus formation - 3-4 weeks
• 4. Ossification - 3-4 months
• 5. Remodeling - normal bone maintenance

Blood clot called fracture hematoma is formed.

• Macrophages debride injured area.
• Fibrin mesh allows for capillary and fibroblastic growth.
• Fibroblasts and osteoblasts form periosteal callus.

Bone fragments grow together

New tissue calcifies.

• -Inadequate immob.
• - Distraction of bone fragments
• - dec.blood supply
• - infection
• - interposition of soft tissue

Lengthened healing time for bine

Fails to heal in resonable time frame due to poor positioning, improper immob

Fx heals incorrect position

Measrues how long it takes blood cells to settle on bottom of test tube. They settle faster during inflamm. Dx - inflamm conditions like RA

• Proteins in white blood cells
• Dx - anklyosing spondylitis

Detects rheumatoid factors for dx of RA

• Measure amount to rheumatoid factor in the blood.
• Dx - RA

Needed for building new bone. Inc levels indicates bone disease.

Dx of osteoporosis or osteomalacia

Gout

Gout

Dx of autoimmune disorders

Produced by malignant plasma cells

• Used to id disease causing microorganisms
• Dx for infectious diseases

• 1. Fibrosis
• 2. Erysipelas
• 3. Cornification
• 4. Keratosis
• 5. Edema

hardening of soft tissue

result of acute strepococcal infection of the skin causing inflammation. Involves the fat underlying the skin.

change of normal skin cells into hard material such as keratin

involves the growth of thick scaly bumps on skin

Vertical - divides body into right and left sections

vertical plane which divides body into anterior and posterior

horizontal - divides body into upper and lower

A sagittal plane dividing the body through the median into right and left halves

Also coronal plane - anterior and posterior

abnormal stiffness in a joint caused by injury or disease. Often results in RA

pain in joint

inflamm of bone and cartilage

genetic condition which results in production of defective Type 1 collagen in body. Deformed, brittle and easly fx bones.

formation of bone

• - abnormal softening of the bone due to loss of bone mineral.
• - Dec. amounts of calcium and phosphorus in the blood which results from dec. vitamin D.

• - disease of aging
• - articular cartilage wears away causing friction and pain

• - infection of bone and bone marrow
• - bacterial or fungal
• - infection starts in another part of body and travels through bloodstream to bone

• - death of bone tissue
• - results from disease or trauma that destroys blood supply to the diseased area

bone tumor

Loss of bone density due to loss of calcium

Loss of bone mass to an abnormally low level

replacement of a joint

surgically opening a joint by an incision

cutting of bone

intentionally fracturing a bone in order to correct an abnormal structure

surgical fusion of a joint

removal of synovial fluid from a joint by needle puncture.

removal of lamina of vertebrae to dec. pressure on nerve root

amputation through joint

incision of a ligament

incision of a muscle

incision of a nerve

incision of tendon

excision of a joint

excision of dead bone

• - fusion of bones which are normally separate
• - cab be surgical or natural

transplant of cells, tissue or entire organ from one species to another of the same species

transplant of cells, tissue or entire organs from one part of the body to another site within the same body

transplant of cells, tissue or organs from one species into another species

transplant of cells, tissues or organs from one organism to a genetically identical recipient

deviation of the broken bones from the normal position

loss of articular cartilage due to breakdown of cartilage matrix and cells

chondrocytes form cartilage

disease of cartilage

surgical cutting of cartilage

surgical repair of cartilage

group of disorders of the cartilage and bone

separation of the edges of a wound

• - use of healing to stop bleading
• - 2 types - electrocautery and chemical cautery

joining of 2 structures together

joining together of 2 normally separate tissues

fold, ridge or pleat in synovial tissue of the jt. capsule

splitting of an anatomical structure into 2 parts

rounded process at the end of bones which serve to articulate with another bone

process on a bone above condyle and serve as attachment sites for ligaments and tendons

natural opening in a bone through which nerves, ligaments and blood vessels pass

Depression on a bone

cup shaped depression on a bone. Smaller than a fossa

nodule on a bone which allows for attachment of muscles and ligaments

shaft of bone

site of bone growth

end of a bone

active formation occurs here in the bone

thin dense fibrous tissue covering the bone that contains blood vessels and nerves

lines the inner part of the bones that have a medulllary cavity

soft thin membrane lining the inside of a joint cavity