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How to write a letter of acknowledgement.
May be written to an employee, colleague or client. Should be warm in tone and to the point.
- Specific
- Positive
- Sincere
- Appropriately Brief
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How to write a letter of apology.
- 1) Acknowledge the wrong done to the injured party
- 2) Recognize the legitimacy if feelings hurt, anger, frustration, disappointing, or betrayal.
- 3) Take responsibility for any damage inflicted to the individual or the relationship.
- 4) Never blame the recipient
- 5) Sincerely apologize on a personal level
- 6) Offer a gesture of support and compensation if possible.
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How to write an application letter
- Five steps
- 1) Identify the purpose
- 2) Outline the relevant qualifications
- 3) Emphasize your strengths
- 4) Refer the reader to your resume
- 5) Request an interview
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What is the rhetorical triangle
speaker, message audiance
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Ethos
- The speakers credibility
- 1) Good Will
- 2) Good Judgment
- 3) Good Character
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Pathos
Exhibit respect and concern for the audience, recognizes the the feelings and concerns of others
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Logos
The speaker must provide reasonable and logically sound arguments, must demonstrate a thorough knowledge of the issues being discussed.
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Nine Axioms
- 1) Communication is not simply an exchange of information but an interaction between people
- 2) All communication involves an element of relation as well a content
- 3) Communication takes place within a context of 'persons, objects, events, and relationships'.
- 4) Communication is the principle way which we establish ourselves and maintain credibility.
- 5) Communication is the main means through which we can exert influence
- 6) All communication involves an element of interpersonal risk.
- 7) Communication is frequently ambiguous: what is unsaid can be as important as what is said
- 8) Communication is pervasive: you cannot not communicate.
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Rhetoric
Communication intended to produce action or change in the world.
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Rhetorical Audiance
An audience that is able to be influenced to take an action by rhetoric.
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What should you shape your message to?
- Shape your message to accommodate the readers.
- 1) Needs
- 2) Interests
- 3) Priorities
- 4) Expectations
- 5) Background Knowledge
- 6) Concerns
- 7) Professional Relationship to you
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What should you do when delivering a bad news message
Cushion bad news with positive comments.
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Communication Code of ethics
- 1) I will take responsibility for my words and my actions
- 2) I will take care not to misrepresent myself or my message
- 3) I will avoid unnecessary hurt to others by my words or my tone
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The Seven C's of Communicaton
- Completeness: Make sure that no important details have been overlooked
- Conciseness: Be concise without being blunt
- Clarity: Be clear
- Coherence:
- 1) Sensible organization
- 2) effective use of standard forms
- 3) adherence to the known-new contract
- 4) explicit linking strategies that help the reader to follow your reasoning
- Correctness: No errors in spelling or grammar/usage
- Courtesy: Be nice, avoid sarcasm
- Credibility: Ethos
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Rhetorical Stance
- A stance which depends on discovering and maintaining in any writing situation the proper balance among the three elements that are at work in any communicative effort:
- 1) The available arguments about the subject
- 2) The interests and peculiarities of the audience
- 3) The implied character of the speaker
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Pendants Stance
Consists of ignoring or underplaying the personal relationship of the speaker and audiance
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Advertiser's Stance
Comes from under evaluating the subject and overvaulting pure effect
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Cover Letter Types
- Two Types
- 1) Solicited
- 2) Unsolicited
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Entertainers Stance
The willingness to sacrifice substance to personality and charm
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Ethics
Where we choose between right and wrong
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Presuasion
- 1) Engage
- 2) Motivate
- 3) Enable
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Full Block Format
- Your Address
- one space
- Date
- two spaces
- Name and address of recipient
- two spaces
- Dear
- one space
- Re:
- one space
- Letter
- one space
- Sincerely
- two spaces
- Name
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SIDCRA
- Summary
- Introduction
- Discussion
- Conclusions
- Recommendations
- Appendices
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Informal Report Format
- Memo or letter opening
- Statement of Recommendations contained in RE line
- Brief summary statement
- Introduction
- Discussion
- Conclusion
- Recommendations
- Appendices
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Contents of the Semi-Formal Report
- Report Title
- Summary
- Introduction
- Discussion
- Conclusion
- Recommendations
- References
- Appendices
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Format of Formal Report
- Cover
- Letter of Transmittal
- Cover Page
- Summary
- Table of contents
- Lists of tables and figures
- Acknowledgements
- Introduction
- Discussion
- Conclusion
- Recommendations
- References
- Appendices
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Four Methods of Speech Delivery
- Impromptu
- Manuscript
- Memorized
- Extemporaneous
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Speech Structure
- 1) Survey: Preview your Purpose and main Points
- 2) Signpost: Link each point to the purpose and to each other with a clear transition statement aw you move from point to point
- 3) Summary: Restate your Purpose and summarize the main points
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Establish an Effective Vocal Presence
- Maintain reasonable volume
- Speak Clearly
- Pace yourself
- Avoid fillers or speech tags
- Watch your pitch
- Maintain a pleasant voice tone
- Avoid grammatical errors, profanity, slang, or jargon
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How to create a Confident Visual Presence
- Dress Appropriately
- Stay Calm
- Maintain eye contact
- Employ appropriate facial expressions
- Create energy with appropriate facial expressions and gestures
- Support your talk with visual aids
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Three types of resumes
- Functional
- Chronological
- Analytical or targeted
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Parts of the resume
- Personal Information
- Career objectives
- Education
- Employment
- Skills
- References
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Appearance for Interview
- Dress appropriately
- Be punctual
- Go alone
- Shake hands when offered
- Do not chew gum or smoke
- Make eye contact
- Speak clearly and use correct grammar
- Watch your body language
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Attitude during interview
- Avoid bragging or overstating your abilities
- Avoid one word responses
- Show some interest and direction
- Don't appear obsessed with money, benefits or vacations
- Emphasize what you can offer, not what you can gain
- Be courteous at all times
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Background Knowledge for interview
- Name of company and clients
- Is it local national or international
- What is the companies mission statement
- How extensive is the client base
- How long has the company been in operation
- What is their organization style
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