Ways Antibodies defend

Using antibodies to attach microbes to phagocytes or phagocytes to cells recognized as nonself.

Using antibodies to activate the classical complement pathway resulting in the lysis of gram-negative bacteria and cells recognized as nonself by way of the membrane attack complex (MAC

Using antibodies to attach NK cells to infected cells and tumor cells.

Using antibodies to prevent exotoxins from binding to receptors on host cells.

Using antibodies to prevent viruses from binding to receptors on host.

Using antibodies to prevent bacteria from binding to receptors on host.

Using antibodies to clump microbes together for more effective phagocytosis.

Using antibodies to against cilia and flagella to block motility.