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What is an anticodon
The triplet of bases in the center loop of tRNA that is complementary to a codon on MRNA
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Base
Purine (Adenine & Guanine) and pyramidine (Cytosine, Thymine, & Uracil) compounds found in DNA and RNA.
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Codon
A sequence of three bases in mRNA that specifies a certain amino acid to be placed in a protein. A few codons signal the start and stop of transcription
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Genetic code
The information in DNA that is transferred to mRNA as a sequence of codons for the synthesis of protein. Series of 3 nucleotides in mRNA called codons.
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mRNA
Produced in the nucleus by DNA to carry the genetic information to the ribosomes for the construction of a protein.
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mutation
a change in the DNA base sequence that alters the formation of a protein in the cell.
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Nucleic Acids
large molecules composed of nucleotides found as a double helix in DNA and as the single strands of RNA
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nucleoside
The combination of a pentose sugar and a base/
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Nucleotides
building blocks of a nucleic acid consisting of a base, a pentose sugar, and a phosphate group. formed when C5'-OH group of ribose or DNA in a nucleoside forms a phosphate ester.
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Phosphodiester bond
The phosphate link that joins the 3'-hydroxyl group in one nucleotide to the phosphate group on the 5'-carbon atom in the next nucleotide
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Primary Structure
The sequence of nucleotides in nucleic acids
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Replication
The process of duplicating DNA by pairing the bases on each parent strand with their complimentary base.
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rRNA
The most prevalent type of RNA and a major component of ribosomes.
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Substitution
A mutation that replaces one base in a DNA with a different base.
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Retrovirus
a virus taht contains RNA as its genetic material and systhesizes it as a complementary DNA strand inside a cell.
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Genetic Disease
A physical malfomration or metabolic dysfunction caused by a mutation in the base sequence of DNA.
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Transcription
the transfer of genetic information from DNA by the formation of mRNA.
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Translation
The interpretation of the codons in mRNA as amino acids in a peptide
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tRNA
An RNA that places a specific Amino acid into a peptide chain at the ribosome. There is one or more tRNA for each of the 20 different amino acids.
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Virus
Small particles containing DNA or RNA in a protein coat that require a host cell for replication.
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Unbranched polymers of repeating monomer units also known as nucleotides
DNA and RNA - 2 closely related nucleic acids.
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Cytosine
Pyramidines w/an NH2
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Thymine
Is a Pyramidine w/a N3C
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Uracil
Is a pyramidine for RNA w/o a H3C
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Guanine
Is a Purine w/ double bonded O
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# of Condons possible from AGC&U
64 codons.
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Stop Codons
UGA, UAA, and UAG
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AUG
if beginning then it can be the start and if in the middle then it can be methionine.
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Translation process
tRNA molecules, amino acids, and enzymes convert the codons on MRNA to make a protein.
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