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Types of referrals?
- arrested
- taken into custody
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Who are the people who make referrals?
Parents, neighbors, etc.
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What are referrals?
notification to the courts that a juvenile needs the court’s attention
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What is the holding of the McKeiver v. Pennsylvania case?
Juveniles are not entitled to a jury trial of their peers
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What is the federal age of majority?
18
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What is the traditional police view to “community needs”.
The public does not understand what they need
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What are the obstacles that affect community policing efforts?
R.E.C.A.P. (rudeness, excessive power, corruption, authoritarianism and politics)
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What is the “tripod approach” to community policing?
- Public Relations
- Community Participation
- Community Service
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What are the goals of community policing?
- reduce crime and disorder
- promote citizen’s quality of life in community
- reduce fear of crime
- improve police-community relations
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What is the history of juvenile treatment that we discussed?
- no rights; treated as cattle.
- No cross examinations or time to rebut evidence, etc.
- no right to jury trial,
- most cases were held informally,
- appeals were rarely taken,
- “Hands off Doctrine”
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Secure Custody/Confinement:
Usually viewed as a last resort for judges
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Nonsecure custody/Confinement
Boys Home, Foster care, boys camps, etc.
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Custodial Disposition (2 types)
- Nonsecure custody/confinement
- Secure custody/confinement
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Custodial Disposition:
- Probation options:
- Community service
- Anger Management
- AA
- Etc.
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Nominal Disposition
- verbal warning
- slap on the wrist
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What are the three juvenile dispositions?
- Nominal
- Custodial
- Conditional
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In Re Gault:
- 1st US S.C. case that required standards to Juvenile Court judge’s decision making; established rights to:
- attorney
- against self incrimination
- face and confront accuser
- specific notices of charges
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In Re Winship:
- establish juvenile right to:
- criminal court standard of “beyond a reasonable doubt” when faced with possible loss of freedom as a penalty
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Status Offender
a crime because not of proper age; would not be crimes for adults
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Juvenile Delinquent
violation of a state or local law/ordinance
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Juvenile Offender
any child who has violated a juvenile youth
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What is the primary purpose for juvenile waivers?
For a harsher punishment
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Reverse Waivers
contest the automatic waivers; defense gets the burden of proof
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Prosecutorial Waivers
concurrent jurisdiction (Juvenile and Criminal Court); prosecutor’s discretion
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Legislative Waivers
automatic waiver; age limit and offense type are set
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Judicial Waivers
Oldest and most popular where the judge makes the decision to waive the case (Discretionary)
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Name the three primary juvenile waivers?
- Judicial
- Legislative
- Prosecutorial
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What are the elements of routine activity theory?
- Offender
- Suitable Target
- Capable of Competent Guardianship
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Dis/Advantages of Vehicle Patrol
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Dis/Advantages of Bike Patrol:
- quicker than foot
- visible yet stealthy
- can go in tighter stops that cars
- good for public relations
- have to be specifically trained
- weather can suck
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Dis/Advantages of Foot Patrol:
- increase citizen-officer relationship
- constant schedule and routines
- create community awareness
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What is the key to problem-oriented policing?
- use of data to analyze problems
- why the problem is occurring
- where the problem is occurring
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What are the goals to CPTED?
- Taget hardening
- Territorial Reinforcement
- Promotion of public safety
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What does CPTED stand for?
- Criminal
- Prevention
- Through
- Enviromental
- Design
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What are the typical status offenses
- -Truancy
- -Runaway
- -Curfew violation
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What is the SARA model?
- S - scanning
- A - analyzing
- R - response
- A - assessment
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