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Open fracture (def)
break in the skin, often with exposed bone
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closed fracture (def)
skin stays intact
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comminuted fracture (def)
bone is broken into many pieces
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green-stick fracture (def)
common in young children, bone is cracked/fractured in many places but stays in one piece
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nonunion (def)
failure of bone ends to grow together, gap is filled with weaker fibrocartilaginous tissue
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delayed union (def)
failure of fracture to heal in 8-9 months
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malunion (def)
healing in a non-anatomical position due to unequal stress, muscle pulling, or gravity
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Myoglobinuria (def)
excess myoglobin in urine
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Rhabdomyolysis (def)
destruction of skeletal muscle accompanied by myoglobinuria, and may lead to renal failure
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subluxation (def)
a partial misalignment of a joint, common in vertebra
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dislocation (def)
a complete misalightment of a joint
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sprain (def)
torn or stretched ligament
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strain (def)
torn or stretched tendon (muscle--tendon--bone)
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avulsion (def)
complete separation of tendon or ligament from bone
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scoliosis (def)
lateral deviation of the vertebrae causing a C or S shape of spine
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osteoporosis (def)
bone density > 2.5 standard deviations below density of a 30yo Caucasian woman
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rickets (def)
childhood bone disorder a/w low vitamin D
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genu valgum (def)
knock knees
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osteomalacia (def)
bone disorder in adults a/w low vitamin D
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osteomyelitis (def)
bone infection
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multiple myeloma (def)
B-cell cancer (classified as a hematlogic malignancy) where one deformed B-cell produces tons of IgG
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muscular dystrophy (def)
a simple and concise definition is not possible due to the fact this designation refers to more than 30 inherited disorders all causing muscle weakness
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fibromyalgia (def)
chronic musculoskeletal syndrome characterized by diffuse pain, fatigue, and tender joints
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osteoarthritis (def)
"noninflammatory" joint disease
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rheumatoid arthritis (def)
chronic, systemic, autoimmune disease characterized by inflammation of connective tissue in synovial joints
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systemic lupus erythematosus (def)
inflammatory autoimmune disease that affects multiple organs and is characterized by exacerbation and remissions
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arthralgia (def)
joint pain and inflammation
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contractures (def)
shortening and hardening of muscles, tendons, and tissues leading to decreased function and deformity
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alopecia (def)
loss of hair
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juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (def)
chronic, RA in children that often resolves by early adulthood but with residual joint damage
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tophus or tophi (def)
a deposit of uric acid salts at the surface of joints, in skin, or in cartilage
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uveitis (def)
inflammation of the pigmented layer of the eye
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ankylosis (def)
stiffening or immobility of a joint due to bone fusion
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gout (def)
inflammatory response to urate chrysalis in joints and soft tissue
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