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Protocol
Rules that allow two are more computers to communicate over a network.
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Hyperlink
an object in a web document that can be clicked to access related information
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VoIP
Voice Over Internet Protocol is a popular technology that allows phone conversations to travel over the internet or other data networks.
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digital media
refers to music, video, photographs, graphic art, animation, and 3D graphics stored and processed in a digital format.
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components of a computer-based information system
people, databases, telecom, software, hardware, procedures (CBIS) 6 components
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binary number system
uses only two values, 0 and 1, and is used by computers and digital devices to represent and process data.
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Motherboard
the primary circuit board of a computing device
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RAM
random access memory is temporary or volatile memory that stores bytes of data and program instructions for the processor to access
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flash drive
USB drive, thumb drive, small flash memory
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USB
Universal Serial Port allows a wide array of devices to connect to a computer through a common port
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input device
assists in capturing and entering raw data into the computer system.
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Trackballs
sits stationary and allows you to control the mouse pointer by rolling a mounted ball.
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Ergonomic
man/machine interface
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LCD
liquid crystal display is a thin, flat display that uses liquid crystals, an inorganic, oil like material, placed between two pieces of glass to form characters and graphic images on a backlit screen.
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application software
programs written to perform tasks or solve problems for people, groups, and organizations. Some application software like word processors, spreadsheets, and database management software, assists people and organizations to be more productive. Other application software, like media players and games, helps people to have fun.
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open-source software
distributed freely with the source code so that it can be studied, changed, and improved on by other users. Evolves from the combined contribution of its users.
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operating system
controls hardware. It is a set of computer programs that runs or controls the computer hardware and acts as an interface with both application programs and users. Operating systems can control one computer or multiple computers, or they can allow multiple users to interact with one another.
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graphical user interface
(GUI) makes use of a keyboard and mouse to manipulate graphics images on the display to issue commands to the computer system. A graphical user interface offers others many advantages over a command based user interface. It is very intuitive and easy to use, you can explore to figure it out, help menus and wizards available.
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proprietary operating system
embedded operating systems?
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Defragmentation
maintain files on disk and arrange in a useful manner
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Spreadsheet
allows what if analysis, numbered rows, lettered columns
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backward compatibility
a newer version of a software package can automatically read files from an older version of the same software
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artificial intelligence (AI)
simulate human thought and behavior.
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computer vision
combines hardware, camera and scanner, and AI software that permit computers to capture, sotre and interpret visual images and pictures.
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speech recognition
allows a computer to understand and react to spoken statements and commands. It is possible to speak into a microphone connected to a computer and have the computer convert the electrical impulses generated from the voice into text files or program commands.
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computer network
a collection of computing devices connected to share resources such as files, software, processors, storage, and printers.
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Internet backbone
main internet pathways and connections, is made up of the many national and international communication networks
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DSL connection
Digital Subscriber Line, uses customer's phone line but there is no dialing up and users can use the internet and talk on the phone at the same time.
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IP address
a unique 32 bit identifier for internet hosts. Four numbers separated by periods, can be permanently assigned or as needed.
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URL
- Uniform Resources Locator, acts as a web page address, incorporating the domain name of the web server and the location of the web page file on the server. Components:
- Protocol, Web Server, Domain name, Location on Server, Requested file
- http:// www. course.com/ cca/ch1/ index.html
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Cookies
small text files stored on computer, can contain data or a unique identifier that can be used to look up your personal profile in a database on the server. Information accessed can include name, address, and other personal information such as credit card information, items previously purchased and amount of time spent viewing items.
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Wiki
a website designed to allow users to add, remove and edit content
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characteristics of communication
message is not communicated directly and must go through a communications medium
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analog signal
fluctuates continuously
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fiber-optic cable
consists of thousands of extremely thin strands of glass or plastic bound together in a sheathing (a jacket) transmits signals with light beams, generated by lasers and are conducted along the transparent fibers.
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network adapter
a computer circuit board, PC card, or USB device installed in a computer so that the computer can be connected to a network.
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Gateway
network port that acts as an entrance to another network.
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cellular network
a radio network in which a geographic area is divided into cells with a transceiver antenna (tower) and station at the center of each cell, to support mobile.
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cellular carrier
a company that builds and maintains a cellular network and provides cell phone service to the public.
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Bluetooth
enables a wide assortment of digital devices to communicate directly with each other wirelessly over short distances.
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local area network (LAN)
connects computer systems and devices within the same building or local geographical area.
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Tunneling
securely send private network over the internet
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wide area network (WAN)
connects LAN and MAN between cities across the country, and around the world using microwave and satellite transmission or telephone lines.
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digital audio
any type of sound, including voice, music and sound effects, recorded and stored digitally as a series of 1s and 0s.
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Podcast
an audio file that contains a recorded broadcast distributed over the internet
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sound compression
psychoacoustic modeling to remove frequencies from audio files that people cannot hear.
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bit-mapped images
lose clarity as they are enlarged
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Tagged Image File Format
tif, an industrial strength format used by many professional photographers and graphic artist
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video game consoles
high powered multiprocessor computers designed to support 3D interactive multimedia.
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interactive TV
video on demand, personal video recorder, local information on TV, purchase over TV, Internet access over TV, video games
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File
a collection of related records
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Redundancy
occurs when data is copied, stored and used from different locations.
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relational model
describes data using a standard tabular format. All data elements are placed in two dimensional tables called relations that are logical equivalent of files. The tables in relational databases organize data in rows and columns, simplifying data access and manipulation - how 2 files are related to each other via common elements
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multiuser database
allows multiple employees to access and edit data simultaneously. Referred to as database development platforms.
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B2B
business-to-business e-commerce
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supply chain management
producing and selling goods
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marketplaces online clearinghouses Web auctions
provides a platform for businesses and individuals to sell their products and belongings.
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Banner
a rectangular area embedded in the web page content for advertising, often across the top of the page.
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financial area of MIS
payables, receivables, general ledger, profitability
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DSS
decision support system, support problem specific decision making
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what the figure represents
Information system relationships: Transaction processing system, TPS; management information system, MIS; Decision support system, DSS; Expert system, ES
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Groupware
GDSS software, calendars, email
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Informatics
combines traditional disciplines like science and medicine with computer systems and technology
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geographic information system (GIS)
capable of storing, manipulating, and displaying geographic or special information, including maps or locations or regions around the world.
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telecommunications eavesdropping
security threat
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Piracy
illegal copying, use and distribution of digital intellectual property such as software, music, and movies.
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war driving
act of driving through neighborhoods with a wireless notebook or handheld computer and looking for unsecured wi-fi networks.
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Virus
a program that attaches itself to a file, spreads to other files, and delivers a destructive action called a payload. The payload could be the corruption of computer data files or system files resulting in the loss of data or malfunctioning computer.
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repetitive stress injury
RSI, an injury such as tendinitis and tennis elbow
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consumer-generated media
CGM, the role of the public in capturing and reporting news.
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punishment for disseminating bomb-making information
20 yrs in prison
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privacy issues
freedom from intrusion, surveillance, control over the information collected and kept about ones self.
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Cookies
can allow companies to gather information on customers
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full transparency
all surveillance and information should be accessible to every law abiding citizen. Governments and law enforcements should not maintain exclusive control over surveillance. Citizens should have the ability to turn the cameras on authority to ensure that power is not being abused.
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social and economic gaps in society
digital divide
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Globalization
changes in society and the world economy resulting from dramatically increased international trade and cultural exchange
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